Cd^(2+)和Ni^(2+)对亚洲玉米螟求偶行为的影响

Effect of the heavy metals Cd^(2+) and Ni^(2+) on the calling behavior of Ostrinia furnacalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

【目的】探索农田重金属Cd^(2+)和Ni^(2+)污染对植食性昆虫求偶行为潜在的影响。【方法】在人工饲料中添加不同类型的重金属,设置成Cd^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Cd^(2+)-Ni^(2+)和空白对照(CK)4个处理,重金属浓度均为5 mg/kg。实验室条件下饲养亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)初孵幼虫,系统观察其各代存活雌蛾求偶行为。【结果】重金属Cd^(2+)和Ni^(2+)对亚洲玉米螟3代存活雌蛾求偶百分率、求偶高峰期出现的时间及求偶持续时间都产生了影响。其中第2代求偶百分率与对照组差距最大,第3代受到的影响最小,甚至表现出促进作用;各重金属处理的求偶高峰期出现的时间仅在第2代与对照组保持一致外,第1代、第3代均发生改变;存活雌蛾求偶平均持续时间随着重金属饲养亚洲玉米螟代数的增加而逐代减少。与对照组各代各暗期最长求偶持续时间为4.89 h相比,重金属处理的雌蛾平均求偶持续时间最大值出现在Ni^(2+)处理第1代的第3个暗期,值为5.56 h;最小值为Cd^(2+)处理的第2代的第2、第3个暗期,值均为3.08 h。【结论】重金属Cd^(2+)和Ni^(2+)对亚洲玉米螟存活雌蛾的求偶行为产生了影响。

[Objevtives] To explore the potential impacts of the heavy metals Cd^2＋ and Ni^2＋ in polluted farmlands on the calling behavior of herbivorous insects. [Methods] Neonate larvae of the Asian corn borer（ACB）, Ostrinia furnacalis（Guenée）, were fed artificial diets containing the heavy metals Cd^2＋、Ni^2＋ and Cd^2＋-Ni^2＋ at a concentration of 5 mg/kg, and a control diet without any heavy metals, under laboratory conditions. Female calling behavior of three successive generations was then monitored and compared. [Results] Ingestion of Cd^2＋ and Ni^2＋ affected calling percentage, peak mating time, and calling duration, in all three generations of O. furnacalis. The largest decrease in calling percentage relative to the control was observed in the second generation, and the least decrease, and even the opposite effect, was observed in the third generation. The peak calling time of second generation females in treatment groups was similar to that of those in the control group, but that of first and third generation females differed from the control group. The average calling duration of surviving females decreased from the first to the third generation. Compared to the longest calling duration（4.89 h） recorded in control females, the maximum calling duration（5.56 h） was recorded in the first generation of the Ni^2＋-treatment group during the third scotophase. The shortest calling duration（3.08 h） was observed in the second generation of the Cd^2＋-treatment group during the second and third scotophase. [Conclusion] The calling behavior of O. furnacalis is affected by the ingestion of the heavy metals Cd^2＋ and Ni^2＋.