马缨丹叶片精油化学成分及其对三种害虫的生物活性

Chemical composition of Lantana camara L. leaf essential oil and its biological activity to three insect pests

【目的】为探讨马缨丹Lantana camara L.叶片精油化学成分以及其对3种害虫的生物活性,以应用于生物防治。【方法】马缨丹叶片经水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,产率为0.21%。经过气-质联用仪(GCMS)分析,从马缨丹叶片精油中检测出主要的26种化合物,其中α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene,32.76%),β-石竹烯(β-caryophyllene,16.36%),石竹烯氧化物(Caryophyllene oxide,12.22%),桉油烯醇(Spathulenol,10.48%)含量较高,并对3种不同害虫进行生物活性测定。【结果】生物测定结果表明,马缨丹精油对米象Sitophilus oryzae成虫和Ⅳ龄埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti幼虫的触杀效果显著,LC50分别为0.92 mg/cm2和32.33μg/m L。随着浓度的升高,对白蚁驱避作用增强,白蚁死亡率增加;高浓度精油对白蚁有触杀作用,但较低浓度对白蚁无显著影响。【结论】本研究证明马缨丹叶片精油对3种害虫有良好防治的效果。

[Objectives] To investigate the chemical composition of Lantana camara L.leaf essential oil, its biological activity to 3 insect pests, and its potential as a means of controlling insect pests. [Methods] L. camara leaf essential oil was extracted using the steam distillation method which gave a yield of 0.21%. The essential oil was examined using an Agilent GC-MS（gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer） system. 26 major constituents were identified, but the major constituents were α-curcumene（32.76%）, β-caryophyllene（16.36%）, caryophyllene oxide（12.22%） and spathulenol（10.48%）. After analysis of the chemical composition of this essential oil, its biological activity to 3 insect pests was determined. [Results] The contact toxicity and repellent effect of L.camara leaf essential oil were tested on Sitophilus oryzae adults, fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, and Reticulitermes flavipes worker. These bioassays showed that the essential oil had significant toxicity to S. oryzae adults and fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti, with LC50 values of 0.92 mg/cm2 and 32.33 μg/m L, respectively. The higher the concentration of the essential oil, the stronger its repellent effect and toxicity to the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. High concentrations of essential oil displayed significant contact toxic activity to termites, but mortality from lower concentrations was not significant. [Conclusion] L. camara leaf essential oil has potential as a means of controlling the 3 insect pests tested.