新时期我国农村劳动力在三次产业就业中的变化

Employment Change of Rural Labors within Three Industries in China in New Era

21世纪以来,我国在乡镇企业就业的农村劳动力增长趋缓,在非公有制企业就业的比重增加。农村劳动力在第一产业主要以种植业为主,在乡镇企业以第二产业就业为主,约占七成,在第三产业就业比重不到三成。第二产业就业中以制造业为主,第三产业就业集中在批发业和运输业。农村劳动力在城镇的第三产业就业比重略超过第二产业,成为农村劳动力就业新的增长点。增加农业产业链、发展农村第三产业、完善土地流转制度将有助于促进农村劳动力在三次产业合理分布。

The distribution of Chinese rural labor forces has undergone a change in three industries with the development of Chinese economy. Since new century, employment proportion of rural labor forces has slowed down in township and village enterprises, whereas it has increased in non-stated enterprises. In rural areas, labor forces in primary industry concentrate on farming. In township and village enterprises, they account for about 70% in secondary industry. Labor forces in the secondary industry work in manufacturing, while in the third industry stay in sectors of wholesale and transportation. In cities, rural immigrant labors in the third industry surpass those in secondary so that the third industry has become new growth points. The extension of agricultural industry chains, development the third industry and playing the role of the government, and keeping the system of the rural land exchanging, will create more jobs for rural immigrant labors.