5个中间砧对‘黄金梨’生长、结果及叶片矿质元素积累的影响

Effects of Five Interstocks on Shoot Growth,Fruiting and Accumulation of Mineral Elements in Leaves of 'Whangkeumbae' Pear

2011—2014年研究了5个中间砧对‘黄金梨’(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)的新梢生长量、单株产量、单果质量以及叶片中矿质元素积累的影响。试验所用的中间砧分别为‘K11’(P.communis×P.pyrifolia)、‘中矮1号’(P.ussuriensis Maxim×P.communis)、‘OHF51’(P.communis L.)、‘OHF97’(P.communis L.)和‘FBA’(P.communis L.),基砧为豆梨(P.calleryana Decne),接穗为‘黄金梨’。从嫁接复合体主干生长一致性看,以‘K11’和‘中矮1号’与基砧和接穗的亲和性较好。嫁接后第1年开花,以‘OHF51’为中间砧的‘黄金梨’花量最多,但2年后的产量和单果质量以‘OHF97’和‘中矮1号’作中间砧的较高。不同中间砧上的接穗新梢生长动态虽然相似,但是嫁接在‘K11’中间砧上的新梢生长量明显高于其他4个中间砧。生长期,嫁接在‘K11’上的接穗叶片氮、磷、钙、镁含量高于其他中间砧,‘OHF51’上锰含量最高,‘OHF97’上锌含量略高。生长后期,‘中矮1号’上的叶片氮、磷含量略高。综合分析认为,‘中矮1号’为中间砧的嫁接组合优于其他4个砧穗组合。

The effects of five interstocks were studied on shoot growth,fruiting and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves of＇Whangkeumbae＇pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）in order to provide a basis for interstock selection in pear.The rootstock was P.calleryana Decne.Five interstocks were＇K11＇（P.communis × P.pyrifolia）,＇Zhongai 1＇（P.ussuriensis Maxim× P.communis）,＇OHF51＇（P.communis L.）,＇OHF97＇（P.communis L.）and＇FBA＇（P.communis L.）respectively.The shoot growth,yield and mineral element contents of＇Whangkeumbae＇grafted on different interstocks were measured during 2011—2014.The results showed that＇K11＇and＇Zhongai 1＇had better growing compatibility with the rootstock and the scion.In the first year after grafting,＇Whangkeumbae＇trees grafted on interstock＇OHF51＇exhibited the highest amount of flowers in the first blossom year,however the higher yield per tree and largest individual fruit weight were observed on＇Whangkeumbae＇trees grafted on＇OHF97＇and＇Zhongai 1＇in the second blossom year.The shoot growth of＇Whangkeumbae＇trees grafted on＇K11＇was significantly higher than that of＇Whangkeumbae＇trees grafted on other four interstocks,although the shoot growth tendency of＇Whangkeumbae＇trees grafted on different interstocks was similar.During the growing stages.the contents of N,P,Ca,and Mg,in the leaves of the scion trees grafted on＇K11＇were higher than those on the other interstocks.The content of Mn was the highest on＇OHF51＇and Zn content was higher on＇OHF97＇than that on other interstocks.However,the contents of N and P in leaves of the ＇Whangkeumbae＇trees grafted on＇Zhongai 1＇were slightly higher in later growth stage,＇Zhongai 1＇was better than the other four combination.