中华小长臂虾对温度的耐受性及温度对其呼吸代谢的影响

Temperature tolerance and the effects of temperature on respiratory metabolism of Palaemonetes sinensis

为了研究中华小长臂虾（Palaemonetes sinensis）对温度的耐受性及温度对其呼吸代谢的影响,利用逐渐升降温的方式获得了中华小长臂虾的温度耐受范围,在此基础上以静水密闭式方法研究了温度对中华小长臂虾耗氧率（OCR）、排氨率（AER）和窒息点（AP）的影响。结果表明：中华小长臂虾具有较强的温度耐受能力,耐受范围为0~37℃。低温组在5℃时活力开始减弱,下降到0℃时中华小长臂虾失去运动能力,0℃保持6 h后恢复室温则全部死亡;高温组在31℃时活力开始下降,34℃时出现异常反应,37℃开始死亡并在39℃全部死亡;温度对中华小长臂虾的OCR、AER和AP均具有极显著影响（P〈0.01）;在温度为10~30℃范围内,随着温度的升高,中华小长臂虾的OCR和AER逐渐升高,回归分析表明,OCR与温度（T）的回归方程为OCR=-0.077＋0.018T（R^2=0.955）;AER与T的回归方程为AER=-0.008＋0.002T（R2=0.915）。AP则是随着温度的升高,出现了先升高后下降的变化趋势,在本实验的温度条件下,窒息点的范围为0.19~0.31 mg·L^-1;中华小长臂虾氧氮比（O/N）在各个温度处理组的变化范围为7.61~13.24,说明中华小长臂虾在实验温度条件下主以蛋白质为供能物质,脂肪供能所占的比率较小。

In order to understand temperature tolerance and respiratolT metabolism of Palae- monetes sinensis, effects of temperature on survival and oxygen consumption rate （OCR） , ammo- nia excretion rate （AER） , asphyxiation point （AP） of P. siueusis were studied in laboratory. The results showed that P. sinensis possessed strong temperature tolerance. Tolerance range of temper- ature was 0-37 ℃. In low temperature groups, P. sineusis began to decrease activity when tem- perature fell to 5 ℃ and lost motor ability at 0 ℃. All shrimps were dead after keeping 6 h at 0 ℃ then transferring to room temperature. In high temperature groups, P. siuensis began to decrease activity when temperature increased to 31 ℃ and an abnormal reaction appeared at 34 ℃. Some of shrimps died at 37 ℃ and all shrimps were dead when temperature increased to 39 ℃. Temperature had extremely significant effects on OCR, AER and AP （P 〈0.01 ）. The OCR and AER of P. sinensis increased with the increase of temperature at 10-30 ℃（2. Regression analysis showed that OCR and AER had a significant linear correlation with temperature. The equations were OCR = -0.077＋0.018T （ R^2 = 0.955 ） and AER = -0.008＋0.002T （ R^2 = 0.915 ）, respective- ly. With increasing temperature, AP of P. sinensis increased at first and decreased subsequently. The range of AP was 0.19-0.31 mg· L^-1 at 10-30 ℃. The range of O/N ratio at different tem- peratures was 7.61-13.24, indicating that P. sinensis took protein as the major energy source and fat as secondary .