运用脂褐素鉴定甲壳类年龄的研究进展

Aging crustacean based on the lipofuscin analysis: A review

年龄是渔业种群动态模型及渔业资源评估中非常重要的参数之一。不像有鳍鱼类,可以通过钙化组织(如,耳石、鳍条和脊椎骨等)鉴定年龄,甲壳类动物因复杂的蜕壳过程使得可用的钙化结构周期性消失,因此甲壳类年龄鉴定一直以来均未得到较好的解决。虽然过去较长一段时间内,体长频度法用于鉴定甲壳类年龄,但其结果仍存在着较大的不确定性。脂褐素因其浓度随生物年龄增长而增加,因此在形态学测量与年龄无相关性时,其也成为近年来许多甲壳类鉴龄研究中的年龄生物标记。为了更深入地了解该鉴龄手段及其在甲壳类鉴龄中的应用,本研究阐述了脂褐素鉴定该类动物年龄的研究进展,介绍了脂褐素的组成及生物学特性,探讨了脂褐素含量与体长、年龄之间的关系,并通过组织形态法及溶剂提取法对脂褐素含量量化技术进行了阐述,详细分析了3种较为常用的脂褐素校准方法。最后,对脂褐素鉴龄提出了自己的见解及今后的研究方向。

Age is one of the important parameters of fishery population dynamic model and fishery stock assessment. Unlike the finfish species whose aging can be examined by the calcified struc- tures, such as otolith, spine and vertebrae, the calcified structure, such as carapace, of crusta- ceans disappear periodically for its complex moulting process, so crustacean＇ s aging is an un- solved problem for many years. Size frequency （SF） method are used to estimate crustacean＇ s age in the past years, however, many potential uncertainties existed in the results derived from SF. The lipofuscin level increases with the increase of animals＇ age, so, if there is no correlation between morphological measurements and age, lipofuscin has been considered as a biomarker of the crustacean＇ s aging in the recent years. In order to get profound insight into this approach and its application to the crustaceans, this review summarized the progress of determining the age of crustaceans, introduced the composition and features of lipofuscin, and explored the relationship between lipofuscin level and the body length or age. Then this review described the quantification techniques of lipofuscin using histological and solvent extraction techniques. Three common cali- bration methods were analyzed in detail. Finally, this review put forward opinions and the direc- tion of development in aging crustacean based on the lipofuscin analysis in the future.