上海市“三地”建设评价指标体系与评价方法构建及应用

Establishment and application of evaluation index system and evaluation method of the construction of “three types of land” in Shanghai

绿地、林地、湿地(简称"三地")是城市生态系统中持续提供生态服务功能的重要绿色基础设施,上海市正在大力推进生态城市建设,"三地"建设直接关系到生态城市建设的水平。本文运用统计学方法对生态环境相关的评价体系指标进行统计分析,结合上海"三地"特征和建设要求,筛选构建一个适合上海的"三地"评价指标体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,将指标分为定量有目标值指标、定量无目标值指标和定性指标3类,并赋予各指标5个评价等级,分别利用模糊数学、构造判断矩阵、统计问卷结果的方法得出3类评价指标的等级隶属度,继而加权求出"三地"综合评价结果。单指标研究结果表明:立体绿化、林地结构和湿地保护以及"三地"连接度均需改善;综合评价结果表明:上海市"三地"建设综合评价I级隶属度为0.3261、II级隶属度为0.3411、III级隶属度为0.2208、IV级隶属度为0.0707、V级隶属度为0.0446;上海市"三地"综合评价结果处于II级建设状态,总体建设水平相对较高,但仍需改善。

As the key elements of urban ecosystems, green land, woodland, and wetlands （three types of land） sustainably provide ecological services. Shanghai is promoting the construction of ecological city. It is necessary to evaluate urban ecological environment level involving green land, woodland and wetlands. According to the feature and the scale of construction of green land, woodland, and wetlands in Shanghai, ecological environment in Shanghai was statistically analyzed in order to establish an evaluation index system for the three elements. This article sta- tistically analyzes Shanghai＇ s ecological environment, and therefore builds an evaluation index system for these three ecological elements. By the method Analytic Hierarchy Process （ AHP ） , we clarify the index system into three categories, i.e., quantitative indicators with target, quanti- tative indicators without target and qualitative indicators, and give 5-level rankings under each category. Based on this index system, we perform membership evaluation and thereafter render a result with comprehensive assessment. The result indicates that within the scope of single indica- tor, vetical greening, woodland structure and wetland consevation, as well as their mutual con- nectivity require improvement. The comprehensive assessment shows that the memberships of le- vels I, II, III, IV and V are 0.3261, 0.3411, 0.2208, 0.0707, and 0.0446. In conclusion, the overall status of the three types of land in Shanghai is at level II, a relatively high level in ecolo- gical environment costruction, yet it still has space to improve.