斯蒂芬·赫德兰视野中的俄罗斯转型路径依赖

Russian Transition Path Dependency: from the Perspective of Stefan Hedlund

斯蒂芬·赫德兰是当代斯堪的纳维亚地区俄罗斯研究的重要代表人物。他使用历史制度主义经济学的研究方法,对俄罗斯转型进行了长期的跟踪研究,以路径依赖为分析框架,形成了一套系统、独特的观点。赫德兰认为,新自由主义转型方案将俄罗斯的历史、文化特点排除在外,忽视了社会规范对于市场经济规则的关键性支持作用,导致俄罗斯转型的失败和逆转。他强调,后苏联时代俄罗斯转型的失败并不是个案,而是与俄罗斯历史上的制度矩阵特点和政治文化有着密切的联系,因而将俄罗斯转型置于长时段的历史背景下进行考察,认为普京治下的"威权主义"实际上是"莫斯科公国"制度的回归。赫德兰主张,俄罗斯未来的转型必须重视制度的转变,彻底打破历史上权力-财产权关系模糊的制度特点,构建以保护私有财产权为主要特点的制度体系,才有可能实现经济、社会的良性发展。

Stephen Hedlund is a prominent e xpert in Scandinavia Russian studies. By employing approaches contemporary of historical institutionalism economics, he has traced Russian transition for a long time and thus formed systematic unique viewpoints under the analytical framework of path dependency. Hedlund holds that neoliberal transition program has led to the failure of Russian transition and reversal as it excludes Russian historic and cultural characteristics, ignoring the key supporting role of social norms for the rules of market economy. He stresses that the failure of post-Soviet Russia＇s transition is not a single case, but instead it is closely linked with the characteristics of the system matrix and political culture of Russia. Thus he explores Russian transition under a long-term historical context and argues that Putin＇s ＂authoritarianism＂ is actually the return to the ＂Moscow principality＂ regime. As a result, Hedlund advocates that Russia should pay attention to the regime change for its future transition. Only when its fuzzy system features of power-property relations in history is changed completely, when a system mainly characterized by protecting private property rights is constructed, can healthy economic and social development be achieved.