大型城市广场踩踏事件应急管理:典型案例、演化机理及应对策略

Emergency Management of City Square Stampede:cases,mechanism and countermeasures

城市广场具有能够自由进出以及能提供巨大的活动场地的特点,成为城市人群聚集的重要场所。正因如此,对其进行公共安全管理的难度也较大。通过对国内外关于广场和公共空间以及人群聚集踩踏事件的文献梳理综述,对上海外滩2014年跨年夜踩踏事件、沙特朝觐者踩踏事件、纽约时报广场跨年活动等正反典型案例分析比较,揭示人群聚集踩踏事件成因和转化演变的机理,对大型城市广场人群聚集踩踏事件预防和应急处置提出改进建议。

As a public space and an opening area, city square plays an important part in the gatherings of people, and so it is difficult to conduct the public management and emergency management. Based on the review of the do- mestic and foreign research on the public space and the stamede, analysis and comparison of the Shanghai New Year＇s Eve Stampede, 2015 Hajj Pilgrimage Stampede and the New Year＇s Eve in Times Square, this paper studies on the causes and the mechanism of stampede, and suggestions to improve the risk prevention and emergency dis- posal of city square stampede is put forward.