权力、阐释与自我的追寻:民族志“主体”三种类型论

Power,Interpretation and Pursuit of Self:on Three Types of "Subjective" of Ethnography

马林诺夫斯基倡导将科学规范的田野调查与人类学结合,开创了科学人类学的民族志。其后,基于主体不同的时代背景和研究立场,以列维-斯特劳斯为代表的结构人类学追寻的是一个理想世界的构型,以格尔茨为主的解释人类学追寻的是事实的阐释,以拉比诺为先行者的后现代人类学追寻的是在本文化与异文化之间穿梭的主体"自我"的存在,他们分别在不同的方向对民族志进行反思与发展,从"主体"建构的角度看都可称为"主体民族志"。

Malinowski advocated that scientific and standardized fieldwork should be combined with anthropology, which created the ethnography of science anthropology. Later, based on historical background and research standpoint with different subjects, structural anthropology represented by Levi-Strauss pursued the configuration of an ideal world, interpretive anthropology led by Geertz sought for the interpretation of facts, and postmodern anthropology with Rabinow as the forerunner tried to identify the ＂self＂ of subjective shuttling between native culture and other culture. Reflecting and developing ethnography in different directions, all of the three types can be called ＂subjective ethnography＂ from the perspective of subjective construction.