全产业链模式能够保证食品安全吗?——基于雏鹰农牧集团的案例研究

Can the Whole Industry Chain Mode Guarantee Food Safety?:A Case Study of Chuying Agro-pastoral Group

本文基于交易成本理论分析范式,探讨了全产业链模式对食品安全的重要影响,进而提出本文的分析框架。该分析框架认为全产业链模式本质上是将产业链上下游企业间分工生产内部化,即从源头到终端、从农户到消费者形成一体化的内部治理机制,从而有助于企业提高食品安全控制,这种有别于科层制的内部治理机制是不断完善和演进的。研究表明,食品企业的全产业链模式可以从自建全产业链到并购式全产业链转变,以轻资产模式替代重资产模式,形成一个以股权控制、可追溯系统、分工深化为基础的内部治理机制,在一定程度上避免了科层制引起的日益凸显的交易成本不经济问题,在降低交易成本的同时保障了食品安全。

Based on the analysis paradigm of transaction cost theory,the implications of the whole industry chain mode were discussed,and an analysis framework was put forward.According to the framework,the essence of the whole industrial chain mode is the internalization of production of upstream and downstream enterprises,i.e.the integration of the internal governance mechanism from the source to the terminal,and from farmers to consumers.It helps enterprises to improve food safety control,and distinct from the hierarchical internal governance mechanism,it is constantly improving and evolving.The study shows that the whole industry chain mode of food enterprises can go through a transformation from a self-built to a merger-type whole industry chain to replace the heavy asset mode with a light asset mode,thus forming an internal governance mechanism based on share control,traceable system and further division of labor.It averts uneconomical transaction costs caused by the hierarchical mechanism,and lowers transaction costs while ensuring food safety.