29个苦瓜品系不同部位皂苷含量比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Saponin Contents in Different Parts of Bitter Gourds of Twenty-nine Varieties

以29个不同来源苦瓜品系为材料,进行其果实、根、茎皂苷含量测定分析及比较研究,为高含皂苷含量的苦瓜品种选育和苦瓜果实、根、茎综合利用提供依据。结果表明:不同品系苦瓜根、茎、果实的皂苷含量存在较大差异,可从中筛选高皂苷种质资源;29个苦瓜品系平均根、茎皂苷含量接近或高于果实,有望作为皂苷提取的原料加以利用;在29个苦瓜品系中,小型苦瓜的根茎或果实具有较高的皂苷含量,其中‘小型苦瓜2’根茎皂苷含量最高,‘如玉45号’果实皂苷含量最高;果实的皂苷含量具有杂种优势,可采用皂苷含量较高的亲本进行高皂苷品种选育;根据果实皂苷含量动态变化及栽培、加工的实际情况,建议加工用苦瓜在授粉后13d左右采收。

For reference on breeding and utilization,the saponin contents in the fruits,roots,and stems of 29 different varieties of bitter gourds（Momordica charantia）were analyzed.Significant differences were found among the various bitter gourds.Germplasms with high saponin contents were identified.On average,the saponin contents in the roots and stems were either close to or higher than that in the fruits.Therefore,the roots and stems would be preferred for saponin extraction.Among the tested varieties,the highest saponin contents in roots and stems were found in Small Bitter Gourd No.2,and that in fruits of Ruyu No.45.Since the saponin content in fruits of bitter gourd is heterotic,desired varieties could be bred from selected parents with high saponin contents.Based on the dynamic change of the saponin contents in fruits during growth period,it was also recommended that the fruits be harvested approximately 13 dafter pollination for saponin extraction or other processing purposes.