不同缓控尿素对春玉米产量、品质及土壤有机氮的动态影响

Effects of Different Slow Controlled Release Urea on Yield,Quality of Spring Maize and Soil Organic Nitrogen Dynamic

自制缓控尿素(HKN),在等氮量条件下,以包膜尿素BMN、YMN作对比,验证其缓释效果和对东北春玉米产量、品质以及不同生育时期土壤有机氮组分含量的动态变化。以田间小区试验为平台,利用Bremner酸解法测定春玉米生长不同时期土壤有机态氮各组分含量的变化特性。结果表明:不同缓控尿素对春玉米籽粒产量、品质及养分含量均有不同程度的影响。缓控尿素(HKN)处理籽粒产量最高,各处理籽粒产量较CK处理(不施肥)分别增加12.74%,12.14%,8.03%,9.52%,籽粒中淀粉、蛋白质含量较CK均有所增加,脂肪的含量均有所降低,而缓控尿素的增加幅度优于普通尿素,这表明缓控尿素提高春玉米籽粒品质。与CK相比,缓控尿素的施入促进籽粒对磷、钾元素的吸收;不同生育时期土壤酸解总氮大体呈先下降后上升的趋势,所占全氮比例呈下降趋势,而非酸解氮则相反。与CK相比,施肥处理酸解总氮含量要显著地增高,且缓控尿素处理要优于普通尿素处理。施氮处理中缓控尿素和包膜尿素有机氮组分含量整体高于普通尿素处理,所占全氮比例则无明显的规律性。各有机氮组分含量高低顺序为:酸解未知氮>氨态氮>氨基酸氮>氨基糖氮。施氮处理的土壤氨态氮、氨基酸氮、酸解未知态氮以及非酸解氮的含量均高于CK处理,而氨基糖氮则无此规律性。与CK相比,自制缓控尿素提高春玉米产量、品质。不同缓控尿素对土壤有机氮组分含量影响显著,能够提高总有机氮含量。

A new type slow control release urea was produced. It was compared with coat urea BMN and YMN in equally nitrogen condition, and researched the organic nitrogen constituent content dynamic changes in different growth stage of spring maize. The organic nitrogen constituent contents mutative characteristic in soil of different growth stage were determined by using Bremner, and the effect of different types of slow control release urea on nitrogen constituent content was regard as the variate. The results showed that different slow control release urea had distinct effects on plant height, panicle characteristics, root shoot ratio in medium-term, yield traits, quality, nutrient content of spring maize and soil inorganic nitrogen. The discrep- ancy of plant height expanded obviously after dressing different control release urea, the panicle characteristics increased and the ratio of medium-term declined in all treatment compared with CK. Yield treated by HKN was the highest, the value compared with the CK increased by 12. 74%, 12. 14%, 8. 03%,9. 52% respectively, and the starch and protein increased, while fat decreased in all sample. It indicated that the nitrogen fertilizer compared with CK could promote the content of P and K in seeds. The result indicated that along the growth stage of spring maize, the acidolysis total nitrogen rose in the first stage and then decreased, but its proportion in total nitrogen decreased. The trend of non-aeidolysis total nitrogen was contrary to acidolysis total nitrogen. The treatment of using fertilizer had higher acidolysis total nitrogen than CK （no fertilizer）, and slow release urea was better than normal urea. The organic nitrogen constituent contents in treatment of slow release urea and coat urea were higher than ones in normal urea, whereas each proportion in total nitrogen had no obvious regularity. The contents of different forms of soil organic N in all treatments followed the order of acic-hydrolyzable unknown N〉ammonia N〉amino acid N〉amino sugar N. The soil ammonium nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, acic-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen and non-acid acidolysis nitrogen in treatment of using nitrogen fertilizer were all higher than that in CK, whereas amino sugar N did not have the same regular. Therefore, the HKN which could improve the yield, quality of spring maize. Different slow release urea compared with contrast had strong effect on soil organic nitrogen constituent contents and could enhance the content of total organic nitrogen.