不同生育期水分调亏对设施延后栽培葡萄叶片保护系统及产量品质的影响

Effects of Water Deficit on Leaf Protecting System and Quality Yield of Delayed Grape Cultivation during Different Growth Stage

为寻找到合理的葡萄灌溉制度,实现设施延后栽培葡萄的优质高产,以葡萄5个生育阶段萌芽、新梢生长、开花、浆果膨大及着色成熟,每个生育阶段设3个灌水水平(丰水、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫)条件下,对葡萄叶片保护系统及产量品质的影响进行研究。结果表明,水分胁迫会使葡萄叶片中的SOD和POD酶活性显著下降,萌芽期及新梢生长期调亏复水后SOD和POD酶活性补偿明显,到开花期末恢复至接近CK对照水平,开花期轻度调亏复水补偿明显,在膨大期中期恢复至接近CK对照水平,开花期中度调亏处理复水回补后依旧低于CK对照水平,浆果膨大期及着色成熟期各调亏处理SOD和POD酶活性补偿有限。水分胁迫会使葡萄叶片中MDA和ABA含量增加,各调亏处理复水后变化情况与SOD和POD酶补偿情况接近但有一定的延迟效应。萌芽期中度调亏处理产量及水分生产率最大,着色成熟期轻度调亏处理可溶性固形物及总糖含量显著高于CK对照,综合考虑,最佳设施延后栽培葡萄水分调亏处理为着色成熟期轻度调亏处理。

To find the reasonable irrigation of the delayed cultivation grape then attaining its high quality and yield, the effects on grape leaf＇s production system and quality of grape were studied, which was based on 5 grape growth stages, namely, germination period, vining stage, blossom period, enlargement period and colo-ring maturity, and each period was set up 3 irrigation ways （sufficient water supply,mild water deficit and moderate water deficit）. The results showed that water deficit would lead the SOD and POD enzyme activity in grape leaf to a significant decline, after enough irrigation, the SOD and POD enzyme had an obvious compensation during germination and vining stages, and it recovered to near the control levels in the final blossom period, it compensated clearly through enough water supply under the blossom stage, and it approached the control level during the mid-enlargement period, but it was still less than the control level from moderate water deficit to normal irrigation in the blossom period, the SOD and POD enzyme activity has the limited compensation with various regulated deficit irrigations in the enlargement and coloring maturity stages. Water stress would increase the contents of MAD and ABA of grape leaf, although the changing conditions of different deficit irrigation treatment after recovery water supply closed to the SOD and POD compensating, it has certain delayed effect. It has a maximal grape yield and great water productivity under the moderate water deficit in the germination period, the quantities of the soluble solids and the sugars with mild water deficit in coloring maturity were observably larger than each growth stages where got sufficient water supply. Therefore, after overall consideration, the most effective regulated deficit irrigation treatment about delayed grape＇s cultivation was the mild water deficit during the coloring maturity period.