中国官方《民法总则(草案)》的罗马法基础

On the Basis of Roman Law of the Official Draft of General Part of Civil Code of China

中国官方《民法总则(草案)》有6个条文比较直接地来自罗马法,对象条款中先人后物的安排来自I.1,2,12;第6条规定的诚信原则来自I.3,22,3规定的善良与公平履行原则。第15条全面赋予胎儿权利能力的规定来自D.1,5,26。第108条关于显失公平的民事法律行为可变更或撤销的规定来自C.4,44,4。第138条关于不可抗力导致免责的规定来自D.19,2,25,6;第145条第1款关于5年诉讼时效的规定来自c.4,44,4。这6个规定涵盖了民法的对象、原则、主体资格的开始、公平的维持、责任的除免事由、权利存在的时间限度等重要问题,决定了一部私法的形象。它们构成即将在2017年诞生的中国《民法总则》将属于罗马法系的证据。

The Chinese official draft of the general part of civil law has six provisions that directly derived from the Roman law. The arrangement of ＂person first then thing＂ in the clause of object （article 2）derived from I. 1,2,12; The principle of good faith established by the article 6 derived from the principle of performance with goodwill and equity incarnated in I. 3,22,3 ;The article 15 that give fetus legal capacity in full derived from D. 1,5,26;The article 108 that permits an obviously unfair legal act to be altered o revoked derived from C. 4,44,4;The article 138 that permits an act of God to be a reason to exempt a violator of a contract from a responsibility derived from D. 19,2,25,6 ;The 1 section of article 145 that establish a prescription of 5 years derived from I. 2,6,14. These 6 articles occupy the keys points of this general part, covering the major issues such as the object of civil law, the principle of civil law, the beginning time of subjectivity, the maintaining of fair play, the reasons for impunity of responsibility, the time limit for existence of a civil right etc. , these points determines the image of a private law. These six provisions constitutes evidences that the general part of civil law of China that will become law in 2017 belongs to the Rome law tradition.