英国基础教育问责制评析

Comment of The Accountability Sytem of Basic Education in the United Kingdom

20世纪80年代以来,英国政府引入市场机制和公民力量加强对学校的问责。随着问责主体和内容日益多元,市场问责取代专业问责成为一种主流的问责机制,多种不同甚至相互冲突的问责要求和问责机制形成了多重问责体系和复杂的问责网。由于问责网中流变的权力关系、问责关系的非对称性和不平等性、问责要求的不合理性与欠充分性、问责结果的可接受性饱受质疑等,导致问责失败。未来的问责制应更多关注同辈评审和学校的内部提高,综合多方视角。

The UK government introduced market mechanism and citizenery power to strengthen accountability over schools since 1980s. With the increasing diversity of types and participants in school accountability, the previous professionalism-oriented accountability system transformed into a market accoutability system. Different even clashing accountability demands and mechanisms constituted multiple accountability and complex accountability netwok. The fluid power relationship in the accountability network, asymmetric and unequal accountability relationship, irrationality and inadequacy of accountability demand, as well as doubts to accountability results led to accountability failure. In the future, accountability design should pay more attention to peer review and internal enhancement of schools, integrating multiple perspectives.