材用樟树遗传变异与苗期选择

The genetic variation and juvenile selection in Cinnamomum camphorausing for timber

樟树(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl)是我国重要的材用树种,但目前对其用材性状的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文以用材型樟树育种群体为材料,通过方差分析等方法对材用樟树的种子和苗期性状的遗传变异进行研究,利用多重对比法进行苗期选择,并对其后期表现进行跟踪观测和分析。结果表明:(1)不同种源和家系的千粒重和种子大小的遗传变异都达到极显著水平,种源之间发芽率的遗传变异也达到极显著水平;(2)2年生樟树生长量在种源家系间变异明显,初选出生长快、干形直的优良种源4个、优良家系10个和优良单株20个;(3)4年生时,前期20个优良单株中,11株的生长表现与2年生一致,但生长最好的和最差的排位与前期发生了变化,说明进行材用樟树早期选择虽然可行,但选择强度不宜过大,选择时间在4龄后。本研究为材用樟树的良种选育提供理论依据和基本材料。

Cinnarnomum carnphora is an important tree species using for timber, but its research is little now. In this study, the genetic variation of C. camphora seeds and seedling traits were analyzed by variance analysis,and juvenile selection was performed by multiple comparison,then the growth performance of se- lected individuals were traced. The results showed that the genetic variation of seed weights and size reached extremely significant level（P〈0.01） among provenances and families, as well as the germination rate among provenances. Considering the stem straightness and growth traits, 4,10 and 20 superior prove- nances,families and individuals were selected, respectively. The growth performances of 11 superior indi- viduals were still better than others at 4th years, but their rankings have changed. These results suggested juvenile selection is feasible in C. carnphora, but the intensity should not be too big. This study provided the theoretical basis and basic materials for camphor tree breeding using for timber.