2015年广东柑桔产业发展形势与对策建议

Development situation and coutermeasures of Guangdong citrus industry in 2015

广东柑桔种植面积和产量历年均居我国前列,2014年全省柑桔种植面积达25.95万hm2,产量390.42万t,占全国柑桔产量的11.17%,是广东水果乃至农业的支柱产业之一。广东柑桔生产的优势区域基本形成,包括以柚类、蕉柑、脐橙和马水橘为主的粤东柑桔产业带,以沙糖橘、贡柑、年橘为主的粤中柑桔产业带,以马水橘、红江橙为主的粤西柑桔产业带,以沙糖橘、贡柑、早熟温州蜜柑为主的粤北柑桔产业带。广东柑桔区域布局使得各品种的优良性状能在相应产业带得到较充分表现,为高产优质高效益栽培奠定良好的基础。从柑桔生产、区域布局、市场供给、价格动态方面对广东省2014—2015年柑桔产业发展现状进行了分析,指出当前柑桔产业存在品种结构不合理、病虫害严重、科技投入力度弱、加工率低、产业化营销薄弱等问题,提出了广东发展柑桔产业的对策建议。

The plant area and yield of citrus in Guangdong are both one of the largest in China. In 2014, the plant area of citrus in Guangdong was 259 500 hm^2 and the yield was 3 904 200 t, which was 11.17% of the yield in all over the China. The dominance areas of citrus in Guangdong are almost established. It includes the Eastern-Guangdong Industry Zone, the Mid-Guangdong Industry Zone, the Western-Gnangdong Industry Zone and the Northern-Guangdong Industry Zone. The Eastern-Guangdong Industry Zone mainly includes Citrus grandis Osbeck, Tide Shah orange, navel orange, Ma Shuiji; the Mid-Guangdong Industry Zone mainly includes citrus shatangju, citrus gonggan, Satsuma; the Western-Guangdong Industry Zone mainly includes Ma Shuiji, Citrus sinensis; the Northern-Guangdong Industry Zone mainly includes citrus shatangju, citrus gonggan, and early Wenzhou tangerine. All these kinds of citrus can take fully advantage of this zone arrangement, which establishes a strong foundation for high quality, efficiency and quantity. This paper will focus on the production of citrus, area arrangement, market supply and price behavior of Guangdong in 2014, and it will analyze the development of citrus industry in details. Also, it will point out the problem in this industry, such as the irrationality of the variety structure, the severity of pest, the deficiency of technique investment, the low rate of processing, and the marketing. Finally, it will also present some suggestions for the citrus industry in Guangdong.