广东省农业面源污染防治措施、成效和制约因素分析

Strategies,effects and constraints for prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Guangdong province

广东省农业面源污染日益严重,防治需求迫切。分析了广东省主要采用的几种污染防治措施,总结了防治成效,探讨了污染防治的制约因素,并提出对策建议。通过开展农业面源污染监测,实施测土配方施肥技术、绿色防控节药技术、沼气工程、农村"三清洁"工程和世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目,2013年1月至2015年6月全省减少不合理施肥26.3万t(折纯),总节本增产84.7亿元;截至2014年底,累计建成并投入使用户用沼气池45.38万户,建成集约型畜禽养殖场大中型沼气工程1 800处,完成3 700多家规模化畜禽养殖场治理设施建设。然而,广东也面临农业污染形势严峻、防治措施成本高的限制。建议政府加大农业环保财政投入,建立完善农业面源污染监测体系,鼓励采取兼具源头控制和末端治理的污染防治措施。

As the agricultural non-point source pollution in Guangdong province is increasing seriously, the prevention and treatment strategies are in urgent demand. Several preventing and controlling strategies for agricultural non-point source pollution were analyzed, and related effects were summarized. The constraints of strategies were also analyzed. Based on the results of this study, proper suggestions were recommended. The results demonstrated that superior effects were achieved through the monitoring of agricultural non-point source pollution and the implement of soil-testing based formula fertilization technology, the environment friendly pesticide saving technology, the biogas projects, the rural cleaning projects and the treatment project of agricultural non-：point source pollution in Guangdong province funded by the loan of the World Bank. From January 2013 to June 2015, 0.263 million ton chemical fertilizer were saved as net content, 8.47 billion yuan （ RMB ）were earned as net profits. By the end of 2014, 0.4538 million household biogas pits were run in service, 1.8 thousand large and medium-sized biogas projects and more than 3.7 thousand pollution reducing facilities were constructed in the intensive livestock and poultry farms. However, severe constraints were also exhibited in Guangdong province as the serious agricultural pollution status and high cost of prevention and treatment technologies. Based on the study results, suggestions were proposed on increasing the financial input in agro-environmental protection, establishing and improving the agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring system, encouraging prevention and treatment strategies to combine during the full process.