基于足迹家族的宁夏资源环境压力评估及时空差异分析

Spatio-temporal analysis of resource environment pressure in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region based on footprint family

基于生态足迹、碳足迹和水足迹的足迹家族模式,构建了资源环境压力评价指标体系,以丝绸之路经济带重要节点宁夏为研究区,探究人类活动对区域资源环境的影响.结果表明:1990—2013年宁夏的人均生物质足迹由0.61 hm2增至0.66 hm2,人均水足迹由984.85 m3增至1520.59 m3,人均碳足迹由4.55 t增至27.53 t(扩大了6.05倍),资源环境压力指数由0.45增大到0.89,从中下(Ⅱa)等级升为很高(Ⅲb)等级,人地关系日益严峻.研究初期,资源环境的压力主要来自于生态压力,后期逐渐转为以温室气体排放压力和水资源压力为主.空间上,资源环境压力存在较大差异,2013年银川市、石嘴山市和固原市的资源环境压力处于很高等级(Ⅲb),吴忠市和中卫市处于中上等级(Ⅱb).其中,银川市的主要压力来自温室气体排放压力和生态压力,石嘴山市主要来自温室气体排放压力,固原市主要来自水资源压力和生态压力,吴忠市和中卫市的三大压力所占份额相当.提高生物资源供应能力、降低水资源压力,加快节能减排和低碳经济发展能力,是宁夏生态文明建设中亟待解决的重大问题.

Based on the footprint family mode consisting of ecological footprint,water footprint and carbon footprint,this paper constructed a resource environment pressure index system,and took Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region which is one of the major nodes of Silk Road economic belt as a case study.The spatio-temporal difference of resource environment pressure was analyzed to recognize the human activities＇ influence upon the region.it was shown that from 1990 to 2013,the biomass footprint per capita in Ningxia Hui Autonomous increased from 0.61 to 0.66 hm2,the water footprint per capita increased from 984.85 to 1520.59 m3,and the carbon footprint per capita increased 6.05 times from 4.55 to 27.53 t.The resource environment pressure increased from 0.45 to 0.89 and from below medium grade（Ⅱa） to very high grade（Ⅲb）.Therefore,the man-earth relationship had become more and more serious.The resource environment pressure was mainly due to ecological pressure at the earlier period and turned to be due to greenhouse gases emission pressure and water resource pressure at the later period.There was a large spatial difference for resource environment pressure.In 2013,theresource environment pressure was at very high grade（Ⅲb） in Yinchuan City,Shizuishan City and Guyuan City,and was at the upper middle grade（Ⅱb） in Wuzhong City and Zhongwei City.The resource environment pressure was mainly due to GHG emission and ecological pressure in Yinchuan City,GHG emission in Shizuishan City,water resources pressure and ecological pressure in Guyuan City,and it was almost 1/3 of the three types pressure distributed in Wuzhong City and Zhongwei City.Therefore,it is important to improve the ability of biological resources supply,enhance the water resource utilization efficiency to reduce the water resource pressure,accelerate the energy save and emission reduction,and develop the low-carbon economy in the process of ecological civilization construction in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.