某医院2008～2014年HIV/AIDS流行病学特征分析

Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Characteristics in a Hospital from 2008 to 2014

目的：调查医院人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染状况及流行病学特征,为艾滋病预防控制提供依据。方法：对2008年1月至2014年12月医院264 218例患者进行HIV抗体的检测,阳性者标本送佛山市疾控中心行HIV抗体确证试验。结果：264 218例患者中筛查发现HIV/AIDS患者183例,检出率0.07%（183/264 218）。183例HIV阳性者中男153例,女30例,男女比例为5.1∶1;年龄以20～39岁青壮年为主（56.29%）;职业以工人（民工）、商业服务、农民为主（55.19%）;文化程度初中以下（83.06%）;感染途径以性传播途径为主（85.25%）;地区分布以本市为主（49.23%）;科室分布较广,以内科（26.78%）、骨科（24.04%）为主。结论：对住院患者进行HIV抗体的检测是发现HIV感染的重要途径,对预防职业暴露、减少医源性感染发生具有重要意义。

Objective： To investigate infection status and epidemiologic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus（ HIV）,thus providing the basis for disease control and prevention. Methods： The HIV antibodies in 264 218 patients were tested in the hospital from January 2008 to December 2014,and the positive samples were sent to the Fo Shan Center for Disease Control and Prevention for confirmation. Results： One hundred and eighty-three positive cases of HIV/AIDS patients were identified among the 264 218 patients,with the detection rate as 0. 07%（ 183/264 218）. There were 153 male cases and 30 female cases,respectively,in the 183 cases,with the male/female ratio as 5. 1 ∶ 1. The main age distribution was from 20 to 39（ 56. 29%）. These patients were mostly composed of workers,businessmen,and famers（ 55. 19%）. Among those HIV patients,the education levels of 83. 6% cases were no more than junior high school. Sexual transmission was the mostly common（ 85. 25%） transmission ways,and those patients commonly came from the local（ 49. 3%）. The HIV infection cases were identified in many departments,but mainly in the Department of Internal Medicine（ 26. 78%） and the Department of Orthopedics（ 24. 04%） in this hospital. Conclusion： The test of HIV antibodies is an important way to screen HIV patients in inpatients,and it is important to prevent occupational exposure and reduce the incidence of iatrogenic infection.