甜瓜雄性不育植株雄蕊发育结构及生理生化特征

Stamen structure development and physiological and biochemical characteristics in male sterile melon

为了探索甜瓜细胞核雄性不育系ms5花药败育发生的时期及不同时期雄花物质含量与雄性不育之间的关系,采用甜瓜雄性不育两用系不育株ms5及可育株mf5雄花为研究材料,分别开展花药发育结构的电镜观察,并且对各时期雄花生理生化特性进行物质含量的测定。电镜观察显示ms5花粉育性为0,mf5花粉活力高达98%以上;不育株与可育株花药在四分体时期出现明显差异,可育株花粉囊开裂,花粉粒溢出,而不育株花粉囊干瘪,无开裂迹象。不育株各个时期丙二醛含量均高于可育株(开花前期除外),不育株可溶性糖含量都低于同时期的可育株,不育株蛋白质含量及游离脯氨酸含量均在花药发育四分体时期出现转折变化,说明不育株花器官存在物质能量代谢降低现象,物质元素的积累与甜瓜败育相关。

In order to detect the period of abortion of the male sterile melon（ms5） and relationship between metabolism and male sterility line, flower buds from male sterile plant ms5 and male fertile plant mf5 were used to observe the structure of male flower by scanning electron microscope, respectively. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of anther were also investigated. Results indicated that pollen ability of ms5 was 0, and pollen ability of male fertile plants was almost 98% by electrical scanning microscope. Significant different were detected in tetrads periods in pollen development, most pollen sac were broken in this period in male fertile plant whereas different in male sterile plant, pollen sac were empty in male sterile plants and pollen grain were not export, all these may reduce male sterility in melon ms5. Contents of malondialdehyde of all test periods of male fertile plant were higher than male sterile plant except for before flowering periods. Sugar contents of male sterile was higher than male fertile plants, and contents of free proline and protein has significant changes at tetrads periods of male fertile plants, which indicating metabolic levels reduce in male sterile plants on melon and the materials accumulation may has relationship with male sterile.