不同施药器械对环酰菌胺在番茄叶片上的沉积量及其对灰霉病防治效果的影响

Effects of different sprayers on the deposition quantity of fenhexamid on the tomato leaves and the efficacy against Botrytis cinerea

农药的沉积量是判定农药有效利用率的重要指标之一。采用3种不同的喷雾器喷施防治灰霉病的化学药剂——10%环酰菌胺可湿性粉剂于大棚种植的番茄上,并于2 h后采集番茄叶片,通过构建气相色谱法(带UECD检测器),分析不同的施药器械对农药沉积量及防治效果的影响。结果表明:采用3WBD-16型背负式电动喷雾器和3WJD-18静电喷雾器施药,环酰菌胺在番茄叶片上的沉积量分别为3.25和5.61 mg/kg,而采用TSP-60(S)热力烟雾器施药,环酰菌胺沉积量最高,达12.83 mg/kg;在防治番茄灰霉病方面,也以热力烟雾器的防治效果最好(对番茄叶片和果实上灰霉病的防治效果分别为86.53%和85.50%),显著高于背负式电动喷雾器处理(叶防效73.88%,果防效74.03%),与静电喷雾器处理的叶防效(77.45%)差异显著,而与果防效(79.85%)无显著差异。本研究结果表明,TSP-60(S)热力烟雾器和3WJD-18静电喷雾器均能提高环酰菌胺在番茄叶片上的沉积量,并可提高对大棚番茄灰霉病的防治效果。

Pesticides deposit amount is one of the important criteria to determine the effective utilization rate of pesticide. Three kinds of sprayers were used to spray 10% fenhexamid wettable powder, an effective fungicide agency for the control of the Botrytis cinerea, onto the leaves of the tomato cultivated in greenhouse. Some of the leaves were collected 2 h after the spay to evaluate the deposition quantity through gas chromatography and UECD detector. The results showed that the deposition amount of fenhexamid on the tomato leaves, which were sprayed by 3WBD-16 dynamoelectric knapsack sprayer and 3WJD-18 electrostatic sprayer reached about 3.25 mg/kg and 5.61 mg/kg respectively, while the leaves sprayed by the TSP-60（S） thermal fogger had the highest deposition amount of 12.83 mg/kg. The efficacies of TSP-60（S） thermal fogger against B. cinerea occurring in leaves and fruits were also with the highest rate of 86.53% on tomato＇s leaves and 85.50% on fruits,which were significant higher than those conducted by the dynamoelectric knapsack sprayer（73.88% on tomato＇s leaves and 74.03% on fruits）. The efficacy of electrostatic sprayer on tomato＇s leaves（77.45%）was clearly lower than that of TSP-60（S） thermal fogger, and which on fruits（79.85%） was not significant with that in TSP-60（S） thermal fogger. In general, TSP-60（S） thermal fogger and 3WJD-18 electrostatic sprayer can greatly improve the deposition quantity of fenhexamid on tomato leaves and promote the control efficacies against B. cinerea for the tomato in greenhouse.