专业教育的世界模式与中国抉择——以高等教育基本命题的分析与开拓为中心

Global Models and China's Choice for Professional Education:Analysis and Expansion of Fundamental Propositions on Higher Education

高等教育是专业教育吗?这是高等教育领域的基础理论问题。从世界范围来看,欧洲模式、美国模式以及苏联模式是三种极具代表性的专业教育模式。"高等教育是建立在中等教育基础之上的专业教育"这一基本命题是我国特定历史阶段的理论认识。但传统的"专业教育说"在今天持续遭遇多重挑战,因而对该命题的重新解读显得尤为必要。就外部结构而言,我国的"专业教育说"不应再限于苏联模式的狭隘理解,而应在保留专业建制的基础上积极悦纳欧洲模式与美国模式。就内在属性而言,如今的"专业教育说"理应具有职业属性、学术属性以及通识属性的广阔意义。内部属性的变化将导致外部结构的调整,这就是专业教育"三角模型"的建构依据。因此,重识"专业教育说"既有助于我们检视高等教育本质,又有益于思考未来专业教育的"中国模式"。

Is higher education a type of professional education？ This is a basic theoretical issue in the field of higher education. There are three typical models of professional education in the world, including European model, American model and the Soviet Union model. The proposition that higher education is a type of specialty education based on secondary education was put forward under certain historical circumstances in China. Nowadays the traditional proposition is facing multiple challenges. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to redefine the theoretical proposition. In terms of external structure, China＇s“professional education”should no longer be limited to the narrow understanding of the Soviet model, but rather actively introduce the European model and American model based on the organizational system of professionalism. In terms of intrinsic properties, today＇s“professional education”should include the broad sense of vocational, academic and general properties. The changes of internal properties would lead to the adjustments of external structure, which is the theoretical basis for the“triangle model”of professional education. The review of the traditional proposition not only helps to re-examine the nature of higher education, but also ponder over the Chinese model of professional education in the future.