中国高等教育发展水平省际差异透视——基于高等教育发展指数的证据

Analysis of China's Higher Education Development among Various Provinces:Based on the Evidence of Higher Education Development Index

借鉴已有关于教育发展指数的研究,结合我国高等教育发展现状,构建了由3项二级指标和4项三级指标组成的高等教育发展指数,据此对我国高等教育机会指数、高等教育投入指数和高等教育质量指数进行统计。研究发现,我国高等教育发展水平总体上呈现东部高于中西部的态势。具体而言,高等教育机会指数东部显著高于中西部,中西部之间差异不大;高等教育投入指数省际差异显著;北京、上海两市高等教育质量指数明显高于其他省份。高等教育发展水平受经济发展水平和人口规模影响显著,国家政策和地理环境也对其产生一定影响。

Based on a literature review of educational development index and the current status of higher education development in China, the study establishes a framework of higher education development index with three secondary indicators and four tertiary indicators, including higher education opportunity index, higher education investment index and higher education quality index. Key findings are summarized as follows：Generally speaking, the level of higher education development is higher in eastern China than in western and central China. Specifically, the higher education opportunity index of eastern China is significantly higher than that of western and central China, with no obvious difference between western China and central China;differences in higher education investment index between provinces are significant; the higher education quality indices of Beijing and Shanghai are significantly higher than those of other provinces. The level of higher education development is affected by the level of economic development and population scale to a great extent, as well as by national policies and geographical environment to some extent.