基于IC卡综合换乘信息的公交乘客上车站点推算

A Method of Deriving the Boarding Station Information of Bus Passengers Based on Comprehensive Transfer Information Mined from IC Card Data

现有研究在缺少公交车运营信息的情况下,利用公交线间正交换乘信息的方法来识别公交车持卡乘客的上车站点,但在实际运用中很多班次无正交换乘的乘客,容易导致公交乘客上车站点匹配困难。因此,本文提出了一种基于IC卡综合换乘信息的公交乘客上车站点推算方法,该方法充分利用IC卡数据中的综合换乘信息(公交线间的正交和非正交换乘信息、地铁和公交线间的换乘信息)与公交网数据确定班次行驶方向,对班次内的乘客进行分组,充分利用综合换乘信息确定基准组及其对应的上车站点;然后,通过最小偏差规则匹配待定组的上车站点,实现公交乘客上车站点的推估。利用换乘信息确定班次行驶方向弥补了现有研究无法确定班次行驶方向的不足,使公交乘客上车站点推算方法更科学;最后,基于2011年8月的"深圳通"IC卡数据进行实例分析,对比只利用正交换乘信息确定的基准组数量和利用综合换乘信息确定的基准组数量,结果表明:该方法可使确定上车站点的组数占总组数的比值提高,克服了只利用正交换乘信息推算上车站点方法中存在的单个班次无基准组从而无法进行站点匹配的困难。本文方法比只利用正交换乘信息匹配站点,具有更高的可行性与准确率。

Due to the lack of bus operating data, some scholars put forward a method, which uses the orthogonal transfer informa- tion between different bus routes, to derive the boarding station information of bus passengers. However, a lot of the bus single trips lack the orthogonal transfer information in practical applications, which lead to the difficulty in deriving the boarding station infor- mation of bus passengers. To solve this issue, based on the existing research, this paper put forward a method for deriving the board- ing station information of bus passengers based on the comprehensive transfer information mined from IC card data. This method uses the comprehensive transfer information between the subways and buses information mined from the IC card data to confirm the driving direction of buses, and then, divide the passengers of the same single trip into groups. These groups would match the cor- responding boarding stations more accurately. We fully take use of the orthogonal transfer information and non-orthogonal transfer information between different bus routes and the transfer information between subways and buses to recognize the fiducial groups and their boarding station information, then, we use the minimum error rule to derive the pending groups＇ boarding stations. Using the transfer information to confirm the driving direction could enlarge existing research on how to determine a single trip＇s driving direction, which makes the method of driving the boarding station information of bus passengers more complete and scientific. In the end, through example analysis, this study greatly increases the number of fiducial groups. This method has a higher reliability and accuracy compared to the method which only uses the orthogonal transfer information between different bus routes to derive the boarding station information of bus passengers. In this study, we use the transfer information to confirm the driving direction of some single trips with the absence of the location data. In addition, we use the transfer information mined from three transfer ap- proaches to derive the boarding station information of bus passengers as well as put forward a series of constraint rules to make the result more accurate and feasible, which are considered to be the most significant innovation and contribution. Deriving the boarding station information of bus passengers is the up-front work in getting the bus passengers＇ demands and the bus service ability data, which has a guiding significance to urban planning.