嵌段共聚物调控纳米粒子自组装的研究进展

Block Copolymer Controlled Nanoparticle Self-assembly

嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子复合纳米材料具有优异的性能,在生物医药、光电材料、催化材料等领域具有很大的应用价值,已成为备受关注的研究热点.利用嵌段共聚物自组装能够形成特定形态的纳米结构聚集体,将纳米粒子选择性的分布和定位于嵌段共聚物聚集体中,可以改善纳米粒子的性能及其应用.本文综述了近年来实验上利用自组装制备嵌段共聚物-纳米粒子复合纳米材料的方法,并总结分析了影响纳米粒子在嵌段共聚物聚集体中的分布和定位的各种因素,包括纳米粒子的大小、形状及其表面化学.最后总结了嵌段共聚物-纳米粒子的自组装在理论模拟方面的研究.

Block copolymer-nanopartiele composite nanomaterials provide exciting opportunities as they may display distinctive properties from constituents that are desired in applications including biomedicine, photoelectric materials,and catalytic materials, etc. Block eopolymers can self-assemble to various nanoscale structures. The successful distribution of nanoparticles in a particular location of the block copolymer matrix can improve the functional properties of nanoparticles. In this review, the methods for fabricating block eopolymer-nonaparticle composite nanomaterials are introduced. Experimental and theoretical progress in the description of these nanostructured block copolymer based hybrid materials is represented. Furthermore,precise assembly and localization of nanoparticle in block copolymer assemblies are of great importance in realizing the formation of nano-hybrids with high performance. The properties and applications of the nanocomposites depend not only on those of individual building blocks but also on their spatial distribution within different morphological aggregates at different length scales. This review also discussed the effect of nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry on the selective localization of nanopartiele within block copolymer aggregates. Those factors manipulate the balance between enthalpie and entropic contributions, which provides an opportunity to precisely control the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in block copolymer aggregates. In the end,the self-assembly of block copolymer-nanoparticles in theoretical simulation is introduced. Theoretical and computational simulations offer a unique approach not only to study the evolution and formation of nanostructures,but also to investigate structure-property relationship of hybrid nanocomposites.