食盐碘含量调整前后山东省烟台市重点人群碘营养状况调查

A survey of iodine nutritional status in the key populations before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content in Yantai of Shandong

目的调查山东省烟台市食盐碘含量调整前后重点人群碘营养状况。方法分别于食盐碘含量调整前（2010年）和调整后（2014、2015年），抽检了烟台市居民户盐碘、8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率和尿碘、孕妇尿碘、饮用水水碘，并对检测结果进行了对比分析。结果碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率调整前分别为98．27％和97．28％．调整后分别为97．44％和96．14％。盐碘均数由调整前31．45mg／kg降为调整后21．96mg／kg．调整前后比较，差异有统计学意义（f=66．29，P〈0．05）。调整前全市8～10岁儿童触诊法甲状腺肿大率为O．92％（22／2400），调整后B超法甲状腺肿大率为1．89％（34／1800）。调整前8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为191．0μg／L，调整后降为173．0μg／L，二者比较差异有统计学意义（Z=3．56，P〈0．05）。调整前孕妇尿碘中位数为154．0μg／L，调整后降为130．4μg／L，二者比较差异有统计学意义（Z=5．54，P〈0．05）。调整后烟台市水碘中位数为5．4μg／L，60个乡镇中有52个低于10μg/L见。结论食盐碘含量调整前后居民户碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率均在国家标准之内（〉90％），调整后的盐碘均数较调整前明显降低。调整前后8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率均在低于5％的消除范围之内。目前的食盐碘含量对于8～10岁儿童更科学合理，但是孕妇碘营养不足．建议孕妇增加高碘食品的食用频次。

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status in the key populations before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content in Yantai of Shandong. Methods In 2010 （the pre-adjustment period） and 2014, 2015 （the post-adjustment period）, the changes in the residents＂ iodized salt, the goiter prevalence and urinary iodine of children aged 8 - 10, the urinary iodine of pregnant women, and the iodine content of drinking water before and after the adjustment were analyzed. Results The coverage rate of iodized salt and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt were 98.27% and 97.28%, respectively before the adjustment of salt iodine content, and 97.44% and 96.14% after the adjustment. The mean of salt iodine after the adjustment （21.96 mg/kg） was significantly lower than that of 2010 （31.45 mg/kg, t = 66.29, P 〈 0.05）. The goiter prevalence of children aged 8 - 10 by thyroid palpation was 0.92% in 2010, while it was 1.89% by ultrasonic in 2014, 2015. There was significant difference in the iodine nutritional status of children in 2010 （191.0 μg/L） and in 2014, 2015 （173.0 μg/L, Z = 3.56, P 〈 0.05）. The difference of iodine nutritional status in pregnant women between pre-adjustment （154.0 μg/L） and post-adjustment （130.4 μg/L） was also significant （Z = 5.54, P 〈 0.05）. The median of water iodine was 5.4 μg/L after the adjustment. There were 52 towns with medians of water iodine below 10 μg/L. Conclusions The coverage rate of iodized salt and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt have all met the national standard before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content. The mean of salt iodine during 2014, 2015 is significantly lower than that of2010. Before and after the adjustment, the goiter rates of children aged 8 - 10 are all below 5%. The adjustment of salt iodine content is more suitable to children aged 8 - 10 than to pregnant women currently. It is suggested that pregnant women eat more foods rich in iodine.