铁皮石斛悬崖峭壁生长的生态基础

Ecological basis of epiphytic Dendrobium officinale growth on cliff

为了使铁皮石斛回归自然,在临安市天目山野生铁皮石斛自然分布区域建立不同坡度、不同坡向岩壁模型,用MHWS01温湿度自动记录仪全天候自动记录温度和湿度,结果表明:岩壁的坡度显著地影响岩壁表面的极端温度,夏季,水平的岩壁表面极端温度可高达69.4℃以上,垂直岩壁表面温度不高于50℃,冬季,垂直岩壁表面温度较高,低温持续的时间更短;岩壁坡度还显著地影响岩壁表面的湿度,垂直岩壁表面月均湿度都在80%RH以上;岩壁的坡向对岩壁表面的温度有显著的影响,但对垂直岩壁的日均温与极端温度影响不显著,对岩壁表面的湿度也有显著的影响。岩壁坡度通过影响岩壁表面的极端温度影响铁皮石斛生存,还通过影响岩壁表面的湿度影响铁皮石斛生长,岩壁坡度的选择是铁皮石斛岩壁附生栽培成败的关键。

In order to make Dendrobium officinale return to the nature, the temperature and humidity in whole days of the built rock model with different slopes and aspects in the natural distribution of wild D. officinale in Tianmu Mountain were recorded by MH-WS01 automatic recorder. The results showed that the slope has a significant impact on the extreme temperature on the surface of the rocks. In summer, the extreme temperature on the surface of horizontal or soft rock can reach to 69.4 ℃, while the temperatures were lower than 50 ℃ on the vertical rock. In winter, the temperatures on the surface of vertical rock were higher and the low temperature duration was shorter than those on the horizontal or soft rock. Also, the humidity of the rocks was significantly influenced by the slope. The monthly average humidity on the surface of vertical rock was above 80% RH. Furthermore, the aspect had a significant impact on the temperature and humidity on the surface of the rocks, but had no significant effect on the daily mean temperature and extreme tempera- ture on the surface of vertical rock. Therefore, the slope affects the survival of D. officinale by affecting the extreme temperature of rocks and affects the growth of D. officinale by affecting the humidity. The choice of slope is the key to the success of cliff epiphytic cultivation for D. officinale.