劝止义“(咱)不VP”格式的交互主观性及其成因

The Intersubjectivity of “(Zɑn)+bu+VP” Used to Dissuade and Its Origin

用"不VP"代替"别VP"表达劝止在语言形式上把他人制止转化为主动停止,能够避免典型祈使句的意愿强加色彩,用"咱"代替"你"指称对方可以消除双方的立场对立,有利于表现说话人的亲近态度或者避免伤害对方情面,二者经常共现构成具有双重交互主观性的"咱不VP"劝止句。"不VP"表示劝止可能跟幼儿语言习得规律具有一定的关系,"咱"指称听话人则是表达亲近关爱或避免情面伤害的交际策略。用"咱"指称听话人跟用"来"表示外向位移在交互主观性及产生理据上具有明显的一致性,它们分别通过立场认同与方位假设消除跟听话人之间的空间距离,从而拉近情感距离。

＂Bu＋VP＂ used to dissuade somebody from doing something is of obvious Intersubjectivity. Compared with the typical imperative sentence ＂bie＋VP＂,＂bu＋VP＂ could show the speaker＇s concern for the listener or could avoid the possible pressure of a command, because ＂bu＋VP＂ is not the imposition of others, but the speaker＇s own choice, which could reflect the deep care for hearer and the close relationship between them, and that is why ＂bu＋VP＂ is often cooceured with ＂zan＂ instead of the second pronoun ＂m＂ to refer to the hearer.＂zan＋bu＋VP＂ used to dissuade hearer from doing something is of doubled intersubjectivity, because ＂zan＂ used to refer the hearer could show the speaker＇s concern for the hearer by assuming they are belong to the same group, and its origin is common with ＂lai＂ used as ＂qu＂, which shows the close relationship by assuming they are in the same place instead of the same group.