产香真菌GS-1菌株鉴定及其挥发性物质对番茄灰霉病的生防效果

Identification of aroma-producing fungus GS-1 strain and its biocontrol efficacy against tomato gray mold

为鉴定产香真菌GS-1菌株物种分类和评价其挥发性物质对番茄灰霉病的生防效果,通过形态学和ITS（internal transcribed spacer）序列分析对菌株GS-1进行物种鉴定,以对扣法测定其挥发物对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、水稻胡麻斑病菌Bipolaris oryzae、小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum、白菜黑斑病菌Alternaria brassicae和莴苣菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum共5种植物病原真菌的熏蒸抑制活性,以果实针刺法测定挥发物对番茄灰霉病的抑制作用,并观察对其菌丝生长的影响。结果显示,菌株GS-1为普通瘤座孢Tubercularia vulgaris;其挥发物对5种植物病原真菌均有明显的熏蒸抑制作用,72 h的抑制率为58.05%~75.81%;其挥发物可造成番茄灰霉病菌菌丝畸形、分枝增多、原生质外渗等,对番茄果实灰霉病的防效72 h后达53.62%。表明产香真菌普通瘤座孢GS-1菌株挥发物对番茄灰霉病有良好的生防效果。

To clarify the biocontrol effectiveness of the fungus strain GS-1 and its volatile organic compounds（ VOCs） against tomato gray mold,the strain GS-1 was identified using morphological properties and ITS sequence analysis,and the fumigating antifungal activities of VOCs against Botrytis cinerea,Bipolaris oryzae,Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria brassicae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were also evaluated by the two-sealed-base-plates method. The inhibitory effect of VOCs on mycelia growth of B. cinerea was also measured using fruit-pricking method. The results showed that the fungus GS-1 strain was Tubercularia vulgaris. The inhibitory rates of VOCs of the GS-1 strain against five target fungi after 72 h ranged from 58. 05% to 75. 81%. Treatments with the VOCs could cause malformation of the mycelia,increase in number of branches,and cytoplasm leakage. The efficacy of the treatment against tomato gray mold disease was 53. 62% after 72 h,indicating that GS-1 strain had the potential to be used as biocontrol agent against tomato gray mold disease.