室内灰尘中全氟化合物的污染状况与人体暴露水平评估

Occurrences,Characteristics and Human Exposure Assessment of Perfluorinated Compounds in Indoor Dust

全氟化合物（perfluorinated compounds,PFCs）是一种广泛应用于工业生产及日常生活的持久性有机污染物。为考察室内灰尘中PFCs的污染水平与人体暴露情况,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）对上海市11个家庭、5个宿舍以及25个办公室的室内灰尘样本中的6种全氟化合物（全氟庚酸PFHp A、全氟辛酸PFOA、全氟壬酸PFNA、全氟丁烷磺酸PFBS、全氟己烷磺酸PFHx S、全氟辛烷磺酸PFOS）进行检测。结果表明,室内灰尘中的∑PFCs含量在5.6～1 489.1 ng·g-1的范围内,其中PFOA含量最高,占∑PFCs的60%以上;PFOA和PFBS检出率达到100%,PFHp A、PFNA、PFHx S、PFOS的检出率分别为97.6%、92.7%、90.2%和65.9%;灰尘中的PFHp A、PFNA、PFBS、PFOS和各个目标物之间均存在显著的正相关（P〈0.05）;办公室灰尘中的PFCs总量要显著高于家庭灰尘中的PFCs（P〈0.05）。在人体对室内灰尘中PFCs暴露情况评估中发现,在各个年龄段的比较中,婴幼儿（〈5岁）通过灰尘直接摄入和皮肤吸收2种途径的PFCs日均暴露剂量都是最大的,比成人的暴露量高1～5倍;且其通过灰尘直接摄入的暴露量要高出通过皮肤吸收的暴露量。

Perfluorinated compounds（PFCs）, one group of persistent organic pollutants, are widely used in both industrial production and daily necessities. In order to investigate the characteristics of PFCs in indoor dust and human exposure, we determined the concentrations of 6 PFCs（including PFHp A, PFOA, PFNA, PFBS, PFHx S and PFOS）in dust samples collected from 11 houses, 5 dormitories and 25 offices in Shanghai. Samples were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）. The results showed that the concentration of ∑PFCs ranged from 5.6 to 1 489.1 ng·g-1, with PFOA accounting for above 60 % of total PFCs.The detection rates of PFOA and PFBS were 100%, and 97.6%, 92.7%, 90.2%, 65.9% for PFHp A, PFNA, PFHx S and PFOS, respectively. Moreover, PFHp A, PFNA, PFBS and PFOS in indoor dust had significant positive correla-tions with all other PFCs（P〈0.05）. Levels of ∑PFCs were significantly higher in office dust compared to house dust（P〈0.05）. Assessment on human exposure to PFCs in indoor dust revealed that the average daily dose in infants and toddlers（ 5 yr） via both dust ingestion and dermal absorption is 1 to 5 times higher than adults. And their exposure doses are the highest among all the age groups. In addition, infants and toddlers are exposed to more PFCs through dust ingestion than dermal absorption.