“自我”的理论发展综述——以马克思、韦伯、齐美尔、涂尔干的社会思想为例

A Theoretical Review of“Ego”Development——A Case Study of the Social Philosophy of Karl Marx, Max Weber,Georg Simmel and Emile Durkheim

以"自我"概念的发展为线索,综述马克思、韦伯、齐美尔、涂尔干的社会思想,发现他们均是在对现代性危机的诊断中,在对人与人、人与物关系的思考中阐释"自我"概念。它对当代社会"自我"研究的启示在于:研究者宜聚焦社会发展的现实变化,在人与人、人与物品关系演变中理解个体的"自我"呈现。

It can be found that the concept of＂ego＂was embedded in the relationship among individuals, between individual and materials in the thought of Karl Marx, Max Weber, Georg Simmel and Emile Durkheim when they observed social crisis. It can be inspired for the research of ＂self＂in common that further research concerning the concept of ＂ego＂should be focused on the realistic character of social development and the changing relationship between human beings, individuals and materials.