海南尖峰岭檀香心材比例、精油含量和成分的分布特征

Heartwood proportion and distributions of essential oil content and composition of Santalum album in Jianfeng mountain,Hainan

【目的】了解檀香Santalum album人工林在我国海南的结香和精油分布规律,为我国大规模发展檀香人工林的可行性提供参考。【方法】采用随机抽样的调查方法,分析海南尖峰岭21年生檀香的心材形成情况、心材大小和比例、心材精油含量和成分的分布规律。【结果】抽样结果显示,海南尖峰岭21年生檀香均已自然形成心材,30 cm高度处心材的平均直径为10.14 cm,心材比例的平均值为38.01%,精油含量(w)的平均值为4.36%;檀香地径和心材直径呈线性正相关(r=0.873),而与心材比例的相关性不明显(r=0.279);檀香心材精油含量在东、南、西、北4个方位上的分布差异不显著(P=0.197),但不同径向部位之间的差异显著(P<0.05),边材的精油含量显著低于心材;从檀香精油中共分离出56种成分,鉴定出42种;心材的精油成分种类比边材少,但精油质量达到了国际质量标准(ISO3518:2002),而边材则没有。【结论】海南是檀香理想的适生区域,檀香在此生长表现良好,心材比例和精油含量高。

[ Objective] To investigate rules of heartwood formation and essential oil distribution of Indian sandalwood, Santalum album, plantation in Hainan, and provide reference for development of sandal plantation in large scale in China. [ Method] The presence of heartwood, heartwood proportion, and the distribution of essential oil content and composition of 21 -year-old sandal plantation in Jianfeng mountain, Hainan were surveyed by random sampling. [ Result ] The heartwood had formed naturally in all sampled sandals. The average heartwood diameter, heartwood proportion and essential oil content at 30 cm above ground were 10. 14 cm, 38.01% and 4.36% , respectively. There was positive linear correlation between ground diameter and heartwood diameter （r = 0. 873 ） , but no clear correlation was found between ground diameter and heartwood proportion （ r = 0. 279）. The distribution of essential oil was not significantly different among different azimuths including east, south, west and north（P = 0. 197）, but was significantly different among different radial positions （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The essential oil content in sapwood was significantly lower than that in heartwood. Totally 56 constitutes were isolated from the essential oil, of which 42 were identified. Although the number of constitutes in the essential oil extracted from heartwood was less than that from S. album oil while the gion for sandal growth sapwood, the oil quality of heartwood met oil quality of sapwood did not. [ Conclusion given the good growth performance, high the ISO standard （ IS03518：2002） for ] Hainan is considered as a suitable reheartwood proportion and essential oilcontent.