池杉叶片和球果挥发油化学成分分析及抗细菌活性

Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of volatile oils from Taxodium ascendens leaves and cones

【目的】分析和鉴定池杉Taxodium ascendens叶片和球果挥发油的化学组成,测定挥发油对7种供试细菌的抑制活性。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取池杉叶片和球果中的挥发油,通过GC-MS对提取得到的挥发油进行化学成分分析,采用滤纸片扩散法测定挥发油对供试细菌的抑制活性。【结果】池杉叶片和球果中挥发油的得率分别为0.211%和0.657%。从池杉叶片挥发油中鉴定出21种成分,占挥发性成分总量的90.410%,主要成分为(1R)-α-蒎烯(70.149%)、α-松油醇(7.072%)、4-蒈烯(2.025%)和β-蒎烯(2.012%);从池杉球果挥发油中鉴定出13种成分,占挥发性成分总量的95.285%,主要成分为(1R)-α-蒎烯(78.609%)、铁锈罗汉柏醇(4.276%)、4-蒈烯(3.355%)、柠檬烯(2.324%)和β-萜品烯(2.179%)。池杉叶片和球果挥发油中相同的成分只有4种,分别是(1R)-α-蒎烯、4-蒈烯、柠檬烯和冰片。池杉球果挥发油对根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens的抑制活性最强,抑菌圈直径为(34.5±2.3)mm,而池杉叶片挥发油对溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus的抑制活性最强,抑菌圈直径为(16.0±1.2)mm。【结论】池杉球果中挥发油的含量高于其叶片,二者的主要成分均为(1R)-α-蒎烯,池杉球果挥发油的抗细菌活性明显强于叶片挥发油。

[ Objective] To analyze and identify the chemical compositions of volatile oils extracted from Taxodium ascendens leaves and cones, and test the inhibition activities against seven different bacteria. [ Method ] The volatile oils were extracted by hydro-distillation from the leaves and cones of Taxodium ascendens and the chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The inhibitory activities against bacteria were tested using the filter paper diffusion method. [ Result ] The yield rates for the essential oils of fresh leaves and cones were 0. 211% （w） and 0. 657% （w）, respectively. Totally 21 components were identified from the volatile oil of leaves, which accounted for 90. 410% of the total volatile content. （ 1R）-α-pinene （70. 149% ）, （ -）-α-terpineol （7. 072% ）, 4-carene （2. 025% ） and β-pinene（2.012% ） were the major compounds in the volatile oil of leaves. Totally 13 components were identified from the volatile oil of cones, which accounted for 95. 285% of the total volatile content. （1R）-α-pinene （78. 609% ）, ferruginol （4. 276% ）, 4-carene （3. 355% ）, limonene （2. 324% ） and β-terpinene （2. 179% ） were the major compounds in the volatile oil of cones. There were only four common components in the volatile oils of both leaves and cones including （1R）-α-pinene, 4-carene, limonene and borneol. The volatile oil of cones showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the inhibition zone diameter was （34. 5 ± 2.3 ） mm, while the volatile oil of leaves showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus haemolyticus and the inhibition zone diameter was （16.0 ±1.2） mm. [Conclusion]The content of volatile oil in T. ascendens cones is higher than that in leaves, and （ 1 R） -α-pinene is the main ingredient in both. The volatile oil of cones has higher antibacterial activity than that of leaves.