我国高职院校法人类型的演进、反思及其重构——基于法人分类的视角

The Development, Reflection and Reconstruction of Legal Person Type in Higher Vocational Colleges——A perspective of legal person classification

高校法人分类问题始终是我国学术界悬而未决的难题,高职院校则成为该问题的集中爆发区。法人类型直接关系到现代大学治理的一系列重大问题,从而明确且合理的法人分类成为高职院校突破发展迷局的良药。我国高职院校经历了"没有法人地位"-"一元法人类型"-"二元法人类型"-"多元法人类型"的历史变迁。目前公办高职院校的"事业单位法人"、民办高职院校的"民办非企业法人"并不能解释或解决司法上的困境,混合所有制高职院校也未获得明确的法人地位,这是制约高职院校发展的根源因素。在依法治校的时代背景下,未来高职院校发展的根本出路在于积极稳健地推进法人分类改革。因此,重审高职院校的法人分类问题,既有利于推进高职院校的分类管理实践,又可以为大学法人化改革提供理论依据。

The problem of legal person classification is always pending in higher education in China, which is particularly prominent in higher vocational colleges. Legal person type is directly related to a series of major issues of modern university governance, so clear and reasonable legal person classification can effectively break out the development dilemma of higher vocational colleges. Higher vocational colleges have experienced the history change from ＂no legal person status＂ to ＂single legal person type＂ to ＂dual legal person types＂ and to ＂multiple legal person types＂ in our country. Currently, the institution legal person of public-run higher vocational colleges and the private non-enterprise legal person of private-run higher vocational colleges can＇t explain or solve the judicial difficulties, and the mixed ownership higher vocational colleges also don＇t obtain the specific legal status, which is the basic cause of restricting long-term development. On the background of promoting law, the essential way is to actively and steadily carry out the classified reform of legal person for higher vocational colleges in future. Therefore, reviewing the legal classification problem not only can push forward the categorized management practice of higher vocational colleges, but also can provide theory basis for university legal person reform.