屏幕阅读对大学生视力状况的影响

Effect of screen reading on eyesight status among college students

目的 了解屏幕阅读在大学生阅读方式中的分布及以屏幕阅读对大学生视力状况的影响,为防治大学生视力不良提供依据。方法 选取广西省南宁市的4所高校,采用分层整群随机抽样法开展问卷调查并进行数据分析。结果 共调查1047人,其中男生402人（38.40%）,女生645人（61.60%）,近视率为79.94%。每天阅读时长〈4h、4～8h和〉8h中以屏幕阅读为主要方式的大学生视力正常比例分别为（14.49%）、（2.80%）和（2.48%）,均低于以纸质材料阅读为主要方式的大学生。屏幕阅读为主大学生共406人,近视率为95.32%。每天屏幕阅读时长〈4h、4～8h和〉8h大学生中患中度近视比例分别为54.36%、62.64%和75.86%,趋势χ2检验差异有统计学意义;Spearmen相关系数为0.176（P〈0.05）。进行患近视多因素Logistic回归分析,城市、电脑阅读及手机阅读为患近视危险因素,OR值分别为1.698、1.206和1.504。结论 屏幕阅读可导致大学生视力不良的发生和发展,并且随着屏幕阅读时长的增加,这种趋势更加明显。因此,大学生应避免长时间连续进行屏幕阅读。

Objective To investigate the distribution of screen reading among college students＇ reading modes and the effect of screen reading on eyesight status among college students, and provide evidence for prevention and control of college students＇ eyesight in future. Methods 4 colleges located in Nanning City of Guangxi were selected. The question- naire survey was conducted with stratified cluster random sampling method and the data was analyzed. Results A total of 1047 college students, included 402 boys （ 38.40% ） and 645 girls （ 61.60% ） , were analyzed. Results showed that the incidence of myopia among them was 79. 94%. Segmented statistics was conducted according to daily reading time less than 4 hours, 4 - 8 hours and more than 8 hours. It showed the rates of normal eyesight of college students who take screen reading as the main reading mode were lower than that of college students who took printed materials reading as the main reading mode despite of reading time, which was 14.49% , 2. 80% , and 2.48% respectively. The incidence of myopia in those who took screen reading as the main reading mode was 95.32%. And the incidences of moderate myopia was 54. 36% , 62. 64% , and 75.86% when daily reading time was less than 4 hours, 4 - 8 hours and more than 8 hours respectively. And the differences were statistically significantby trend chi-square test. The coefficient of spearmen correlation was 0. 176 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Logistic regression analysis results showed that urban, computer reading and mobile phone reading were risk factors for myopia. The odds ratio of them was 1. 698, 1. 206 and 1. 504 respectively. Conclusion Screen reading may cause the occurrence and development of college students＇ poor eyesight, which would be more evident with screen reading time in- creasing. Consequently, college students should avoid continuous screen reading for long hours.