铁道车辆轴箱弹簧断裂故障对动力学性能的影响

Influence of Spring Broken Fault in Railway Vehicle Axle Box on Dynamics Performance

车辆运行过程中,当轴箱弹簧突发断裂故障,会造成动力学状态和性能突变,一系悬挂刚度突然减小,暂时失去承载能力,会威胁车辆行车安全。结合整车的动力学仿真,建立了轴箱弹簧断裂过程的力学模型,对整个断裂过程进行仿真,模拟了轴箱弹簧突然断裂工况下车辆动力学性能变化,分析了轴箱弹簧断裂条件下车辆直线行车安全性以及曲线通过安全性。计算分析结果表明:轴箱弹簧突然断裂导致一系悬挂刚度剧变,引起轮轨垂向力先减小后增大,轮重减载率、脱轨系数等参数增大直至超限,但对轮轨横向力影响不大。

During vehicle＇s running, when the axle box spring suddenly broken, the fault will cause dynamics performance mutation and threaten the driving safety. As a result, the suspension stiffness will suddenly decrease and temporarily lose bearing capacity. Combined with vehicle dynamics simulation, a mechanics model of axle box spring broken process is established to simulate the whole process of the dynamic performance changes. The vehicle safety when driving on straight and curving lines is calculation and analyzed, the results show that the spring broken fault will cause great changes of the primary suspension stiffness, then the wheel/rail vertical force decreases first and then increases, finally the wheel load reduction rate and parameter derailment coefficient increase continuously until exceed their limit,but little impact on the wheel/rail lateral force is observed.