云南省2007—2013年农药中毒流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Yunnan province,2007-2013

目的 了解云南省农药中毒危害现状,为农药中毒预防控制提供依据。方法 调查整理云南省2007—2013年14个州市报告的农药中毒报告卡3 364张,分析病例特征。结果 2007—2013年云南省累计报告农药中毒病例3 364例,非生产性农药中毒2 962例,死亡247例,占95.73%;中毒病例15～54岁年龄段最多,占78.42%,死亡率为64.73%,病死率为6.33%;≥60岁老年人病例占11.12%;女性占52.02%;中毒病例集中在第二、三季度,占77.11%;非生产性农药中毒病例中,杀虫剂中毒2 090例,占70.56%,其中以有机磷类为主,病例为1 506例,占44.77%。结论 当前云南省农药中毒以非生产性农药中毒为主,是危害云南省农村居民健康的公共卫生问题和社会问题,农药中毒防治工作重点应放在青壮年人群;政府应采取干预措施,制定有效的控制对策。

Objective To analyze the status of pesticide poisoning in Yunnan province and to provide evidences for pesticide poisoning prevention and management. Methods All pesticide poisoning report cards registered from 2007 to2013 in Yunnan province were collected from Health Hazard Surveillance System and analyzed. Results Totally 3 364 pesticide poisoning cases were reported during the period; among all the reported cases,2 962 were nonproductive pesticide poisoning,of which 247 died,accounting for 95. 73% of all deaths（ 258） due to pesticide poisoning. The majority of the pesticide poisoning cases were at the ages of 15 to 54 years,accounting for 78. 42% of the incidences and 64. 73% of the deaths with a case fatality rate of 6. 33%; only 11. 12% of the poisoning cases were aged 60 years and older and 52. 02%of the cases were female. Of all the poisoning cases,77. 11% occurred in summer and autumn seasons of a year. Among all the non productive pesticide poisoning cases,2 090（ 70. 56%） were insecticide poisoning,of which,1 506（ 44. 77%） were organic phosphorus insecticides poisoning. Conclusion The major part of pesticide poisoning was caused by nonproductive pesticides and young adults is the population at a higher risk of pesticide poisoning in Yunnan province,indicating that specific intervention measures should be taken by government agencies.