“朋友圈”优势、内群体条件与互联网创业——基于整合社会认同与嵌入理论的新视角

“Friend Network” Advantages,In-group Features and Internet Entrepreneurship——Based on an New Integrated View of Social Identity and Embeddedness Theory

互联网创业条件下涌现了一系列依靠"朋友圈"来获得创业优势的案例,但同时存在创业者具有高水平社交关系却在创业项目上遭受失败的情况。仅仅基于社会嵌入理论来对创业者的社会网络作用开展研究,难以对上述现象作出有效的解释,互联网创业对与创业社会网络相关的管理学理论提出了新的挑战。本文利用数据挖掘技术生成截面数据库,通过将社会认同理论融入社会嵌入理论的框架中,在创业者社会网络特性之外引入创业者内群体条件这一新变量,对社会网络在互联网创业中的作用进行实证研究,发现创业者的社会网络水平在提升创业业绩的过程中受到其内群体条件的影响,从而有效地解释了在相似的创业者"朋友圈"条件下创业业绩存在差异的原因,打开了现有研究忽视创业者与其社会网络成员之间的差异可能对创业业绩产生影响的"理论黑箱"。据此,本文基于创业者的社会网络特性及内群体条件,提出了创业业绩表现的2×2矩阵,并得出如下管理启示:创业者应注意推动包括教育水平、创业经验在内的社会网络特性与内群体条件的协调发展,在改善社会网络特性的同时,努力在社会网络中获得内群体认同。

Under the condition of Interact entrepreneurship, in many cases, entrepreneurs have gained advantages through their ＂friend network＂. At the same time, however, other entrepreneurs with high level social relationship went through failure. The above phenomenon cannot be explained only by social embeddedness related theory on entrepreneurial social network. Internet entrepreneurship poses new challenges to the existed management research related to entrepreneurial social network. We use data mining technology to generate a cross-section database, fit the social identity theory into the social embeddedness theoretical framework, introduce a new variable of in-group features besides the variable of network features, and conduct empirical study on the influence of social network on Internet entrepreneurship. We have found that the process that entrepreneurial social network level improves entrepreneurial performance is influenced by entrepreneurial in-group features, which effectively explains why entrepreneurial programs＇ performance differs in similar ＂friend network＂, and opens a theoretical ＂black box＂ of the existed research that failed to reveal the influence of entrepreneurial performance caused by the difference between entrepreneurs and their social network members. Based on entrepreneurial social network features and in-group features, we propose a 2×2 matrix of entrepreneurial performance and provide the following suggestions： entrepreneurs should promote balance between social network features （including education level and entrepreneurial experience） and in-group features, and achieve in-group identity while improving social network features.