推理的广义概念——推理理论的基本问题

Understanding the Broad- Sense Notion of Reasoning:the Fundamental Issue of the Theory of Reasoning

拉尔夫·约翰逊指出推理理论的研究是哲学领域亟待填补的空白,并指出对推理概念本身的探讨是推理理论研究中至关重要的基本问题。文章讨论了目前学者对这个概念的各种用法并试图解释推理与论证之间的概念混淆。为了澄清推理的概念,文章试图从形式逻辑研究抽象推理形式的角度和非形式逻辑研究真实推理的具体特征进行论述,提出了一个相对广义的推理之概念,以涵盖更多推理理论研究试图探讨的理论内涵。最后,文章再次指出了推理理论研究的学术意义。

In this paper,I started my discussion from Ralph H. Johnson＇s view that the theoretical gap of the theory of reasoning requires to fill up in philosophy and pointed out the significance to understand the notion of reasoning; I then examined the phenomenon that theorists have used the notion of reasoning in different ways and tried to explain why it has been used in a confusing manner. In order to clarify it,I tried to discuss the issue from both the way formal logic study the abstract reasoning form through mathematical angle and the way informal logic study real reasoning by focusing on its specific characteristics. I then proposed a comparatively broad- sense definition of reasoning to incorporate more theoretical contents that the theory of reasoning should cover. Finally,I concluded the work that I have done in this paper and discussed the significance of the development of the theory of reasoning.