基于分品类运量的铁路物流运价敏感度及运价策略研究

Study on Tariff Sensitivity and Tariff Strategy of Railway Logistics based on Traffic Volume of Different Freight Categories

利用2005—2015年国家铁路整车物流26种货物品类季度面板数据,构建以装车数为被解释变量,整车运价率为核心解释变量,实际国内生产总值为控制变量的个体固定效应模型,测算各品类货物整车运量运价敏感度。研究表明,不同品类货物运价敏感度差异较大,与货物属性和运量水平存在较强的相关性,与运价号之间无稳定的对应关系。测算结果能够为国家层面制定政府指导价提供依据,同时从优化设置各运价号比价关系、合理调整货物对应的运价号、开展货物运价分类管理及铁路货物快运定价方面,为铁路运输企业制定市场化运价策略提供支撑。

By using the quarterly panel data of 26 freight categories by national railway car-load logistics during 2005-2015, the individual fixed effect mode which taking the loading amount as explained variable, the car-load tariff rate as core explanatory variable and the actual GDP as control variable is established as to calculate the tariff sensitivity of car-load traffic volume of different freight categories. The result shows： the tariff sensitivity of different freight categories is greatly different, and it also has strong relevance with freight attribute and traffic volume level and has no stable corresponding relation with tariff number. The calculation result could provide reference for instituting government guidance from national level, at the same time, also could provide support for railway transport enterprises to establish market-oriented tariff strategy from these aspects such as optimizing and setting price relation between each tariff number, reasonably adjusting the tariff number corresponding to freight, developing classified management of freight tariff and the pricing of railway freight express.