语气副词“可”的语法意义的生成研究

A Study on the Emergence of the Grammatical Meaning of "Ke(可)" as a Mood Adverb

本文采用还原主义的[分解-还原]分析方法,把本不属于"可"的所谓"表示疑问语气"、"表示提醒语气"、"表示叮咛嘱咐、告诫劝止语气"、"表示程度高"等意义从"可"身上剥离出去,还"可"一个本来面貌。剥离后的语气副词"可"只有一个核心意义,即表示客观事态与主观预期之间的匹配关系。所谓"表示疑问语气"、"表示提醒语气"、"表示叮咛嘱咐、告诫劝止语气"、"表示程度高"等意义起初都是"可"的核心意义与语调、否定词、语气词等句子其他要素互动的结果。

This paper abstracts the derived meaning such as ＂express interrogative mood, ＂express a soft remind ＂, ＂express a soft exhortation＇, ＂express high degree＂ from ＂Ke（可）＂ . After the aforementioned operation, we find that ＂Ke（可）＂ has only a central meaning, i. e. to profile the （mis）match between the objective affair and the subjective expectation. The ＂ meanings＂ of ＂Ke（ 可）＂, such as ＂express interrogative mood＇, ＂express a soft remind＇, ＂express a soft exhortation＇, ＇express high degree＂ and so on, are all the results from the interaction between the central meaning and the other essentials of a sentence like the negative items, intonation.