可控震源在复杂障碍区地震勘探中的应用及效果

Application and Effect of Vibrator in Seismic Exploration in Complex Obstacle Area

中国东部平原区复杂的地表障碍给三维地震勘探的炮检点放样带来较大困难,尤其是炸药震源激发很难达到设计需要的炮点密度,使炸药震源应用受到极大限制。为提高采样密度,降低炸药震源勘探中的安全风险,在东部平原复杂障碍区开展了可控震源激发的三维地震勘探攻关试验。依托低频可控震源、高精度航空拍摄、检波器打眼机等资源设备和技术支撑,安全、优质、高效地完成了地震采集。结果显示,虽然炸药震源激发的单炮能量和信噪比高于可控震源激发,但经过高覆盖、高炮道密度的资料叠加处理后,可控震源激发地震勘探的深层信息得到了增强。经过叠加和偏移精细处理后,新采集的资料品质稳定性好、能量足、波组特征清晰、目的层连续性好、信噪比高、频带宽,能够很好地满足资料处理、解释的需求。

The complex surface barrier in eastern plain area of China brings great difficulties to the shot point layout of 3D seismic exploration,especially the explosive source excitation is difficult to achieve the required shot density,so,the use of explosive source has been greatly restricted.In order to improve the sampling density and reduce the security risk of explosive source exploration,the vibrator excitation test for 3D seismic exploration in eastern complex barrier area has been carried out.Based on the low frequency vibrator,high precision aerial photography,geophone equipment and technical support resources,the seismic acquisition was completed in a safe,high quality and efficient manner.The results showed that the single shot energy and signal to noise ratio excited by explosive source are higher than that of vibrator,but after the processing of data superposition in high coverage and high channel density,the data from deep formation was improved.Compared with the previous data,the new data has high quality and stability,clear wave group,good continuity,high signal to noise ratio and wide frquency band after stacking and migration process,it can meet the requirement of data processing and interpretation.