明代南京船厂造船用材的鉴定与比较分析

Identification and Comparation Analysis of Shipbuilding Wood from Nanjing Shipyard in Ming Dynasty

对明代龙江船厂遗址出土的51个木材样本进行了树种鉴定,分析该遗址造船所用木材的树种及其来源,同时从用材的角度与宝船厂出土的造船用材树种进行了比较,并对我国古代常用造船树种选择的原因进行了分析。鉴定结果表明:龙江船厂出土木材共有9类树种,木材主要来源于长江流域及以南地区,多为我国重要的传统造船用材。其中,使用量最大的为红锥占50.98%,其次为杉木占27.45%。与宝船厂出土造船木材树种比较表明,古人不仅了解多种木材的性质,还能够针对不同船只的建造合理地选择木材。

51 archaeological wood samples excavated from Nanjing Longjiang Shipyard were identified according to their microscopic structure to analyze their species and origin in this paper.In addition,the kinds of wood selection in Longjiang Shipyard were compared with those in Treasure Shipyard to explain the wood selection for different purposes in ancient ship construction.The results showed that there were 9 kinds of wood in excavation site of Longjiang Shipyard.The wood were mainly from Yangtze river hasin and the southern region.The most frequently used wood species were red evergreen chinkapin,following by Chinese fir with the percentage of 50.98%and 27.45%respectively.Comparison of wood selection in Longjiang Shipyard and Treasure Shipyard indicated that ancient people knew well of different properties of wood species and they could select species to construct different ships.