公平和效率维度下中国省际碳权分配原则分析

Analysis of allocation principles for China's provincial carbon emission allowance under the equity and efficiency dimension

区域碳权分配原则决定了中国省际碳减排的压力,也是激励各地区转向清洁能源及减排技术创新的基础。本文运用非径向方向性距离函数(NDDF)测算了2011-2014年中国省际全要素碳排放效率(TFC)与技术差距比(CTGR),以分析各地区基于效率最优的碳减排潜力(CRC),进而确定中国区域碳权分配原则。结果表明,各地区减排潜力呈现出与经济发展水平相似的空间分布特征;"十二五"期间海南与安徽两地已处于减排的前沿面,但单一的公平原则挫伤了其持续减排的积极性,而其它低效率省市短时间内无法通过技术效率提升减排能力;无论是单一的公平原则还是单一的效率原则均无法保证各地区碳减排的合理性、稳定性与持久性;而兼顾公平与效率的原则在增加绝对碳排放效率的同时,减少了地区差异。公平与效率原则的动态混合机制更符合中国省际碳减排现状,初期应遵循"公平优先,兼顾效率",随着经济企稳,应转向"效率优先,兼顾公平"。

The carbon emission reduction pressure of each province in China is determined by the regional carbon allocation principles, which is also the basis to stimulate each provice converting into clear energy and innovating emission reduction technology. We used the non radial directional distance function（NDDF） to estimate the total factor efficiency of carbon emissions（TFC） and the technology gap ratio（CTGR） of China＇ s provinces during 2011 -2014. These two index is used for analyzing the emission reduction capability of each regions（ CRC）, to determine the regional carbon allocation principles. The results show that the regional emission reduction capability and the regional economic development level have the same spatial distribution feature. During the 12th Five Year Plan period, Hainan and Anhui reached the forefront of emissions reduction, but the single equity principle dampened the enthusiasm of their continuous emission reduction, while the low efficiency areas could not enhance their emission reduction capability in a short time by increasing their technical efficiency. Neither the principle of equity nor the principle of efficiency can guarantee the rationality, stability and sustainability of the carbon emission reduction in each region by itself. The principle of considering efficiency and equity increases the absolute carbon emission efficiency, and reduces the difference among regions. The hybrid dynamic system that gives consideration to equity and efficiency is more suitable for the status quo of China＇ s provincial carbon emission reduction. The principle of ＇ fair priority, and also gives consideration to efficiency＇ which is suitable in the beginning, should transform to ＇ efficiency priority, and also give consideration to fair＇ during the stabilization of economy.