生态经济学发展的逻辑及其趋势特征

Logic and development trend of ecological economics

在对生态经济学近30年发展历史回顾的基础上,以经济学中均衡和效率为出发点对生态经济学发展的核心逻辑及其发展趋势进行梳理总结,并对未来我国生态经济学的理论与实践进行深入思考。从整体上看,生态经济学发展的逻辑起点和现实回归都围绕着自然供给与维护人类需求的动态均衡、生态与经济资源有效配置两条主线进行,最终达成社会可持续性发展的目标。具体而言,当前三大热点研究领域中的生态承载力与生态成本效益分析,分别隶属于可持续发展框架下的生态经济均衡以及经济效益评估范畴;而近年不断发展的生态能值分析,依据其特有的能值指标和能值转换优势,分别体现了生态承载均衡和产出效率优化的两种可持续发展思想,更具现实性和综合性。因此,新时期的生态经济研究将淡化学科间在意识形态和研究方法上的差异,更加注重学科间的多元化融合发展,生态学与经济学的结合将更加紧密。就目前我国生态经济发展现状来看,我国未来生态经济研究在遵循上述可持续发展逻辑的同时,还应积极关注当前生态经济发展的如下几个方面:1从宏观层面转向微观层面。对于生态承载力的测评要基于微观视角,综合考虑中长期等多维结构性因素的影响;2从模糊评价转向精准度量。通过合理分配权重系数、优化贴现参数等方式,提升生态成本效益评估的精度水平;3从学科交叉发展转向多元融合发展。生态经济研究要逐步打破现有模式下的简单学科交叉,通过加强生态学与经济学在基础研究领域的互动和融合,为应对当前复杂的生态经济问题提供系统性解决方案。

Based on a 30-year historical review of ecological economics development, this paper summarizes the core logic of ecological economics development and its trend, starting with the equilibrium and efficiency of economics. Deep thinking is then given on the theory and practice of China＇s ecological economics. Overall, the logical starting point and regression of ecological economics development all focus on maintaining the equilibrium of human demand and the supply of nature and allocating eco-economic resources. The goal of sustainable development will be achieved finally. Specifically, ecological capacity and ecological cost efficiency analysis respectively belongs to the ecological economic balance and the economic benefit evaluation category under the framework of sustainable development. In light of the unique advantages of index and transformation analysis, energy analysis reflects ecological capacity equilibrium and optimized economic-efficiency, which is more realistic and comprehensive. Thus the difference in ideologies and methods among disciplines will be reduced by ecological economy study in the new time. More attention will be paid on diversified integrative development among disciplines. There will be more combination of ecology and economics. In terms of current situation of ecological economy in China, this paper argues that while following logic requirements of sustainable development, more attention should be drawn to the following aspects： （1）From macro to micro levels, ecological capacity should be measured on the micro level, and the effect of multidimensional structural factors like medium-long term should be considered. （2）From fuzzy evaluation to accurate measurement, the accuracy of ecological cost efficiency assessment will be improved by reasonable distribution of weight coefficient or tuning rate parameters. （3） From interdiseipline to diversified integration, ecological economic studies should gradually break the interdiscipline, and provide systematic solutions for solving the current complex problems by reinforcing the interaction and integration between ecology and economics.