国际海底区域开发中的环境保护立法——域外经验及中国策略

Environmental Protection Legislation on Prospecting and Exploration in the international Seabed Area——Overseas Experience and Strategy of China

国际海底富含大量的矿产资源,各国开始关注国际海底区域开发,相关海洋环境问题相伴而生,早在《联合国海洋法公约》(以下称公约)缔约过程中,各国在"区域"环境保护事项上形成了基本统一意见。《公约》和其他国家的相关国内立法亦有相应的环境考量。中国作为《公约》缔约国和国际海底区域开发先驱国家,需制定相关法律,履行成员国制定"区域"相关环境保护法律法规之义务,以减轻乃至免除作为担保国的担保责任。在整个法律体系中,"区域"海洋环境保护制度应纳入海洋法中,同时应当参考海洋环境保护法的制度设计;另外该法应当成为激励中国参与"区域"开发活动之立法,在立法原则上采取一般预防原则而非风险预防。

Because of the rich mineral resources under the international seabed area,a lot of countries began to pay close attention to prospecting and exploration in this area. Prospecting and exploration of the area may produce many relative environmental problems. As early as in the process of the negotiation of＂United Nations convention on the law of the Sea＂（hereinafter referred to as the＂convention＂）,they formed the basic unified opinion on environmental protection issues. China,as the states parties and pioneering states of exploitation,in order to fulfill member states obligations and reduce or remit guarantee responsibility we need to formulate relevant laws. ＂Area＂environmental protection should be included in the law of the sea,at the same time it needs to use experiences of the law system of marine environment protection. The law should encourage China to participate in the area activities. As the principle of legislation,we should take prevention principle rather than risk prevention principle.