城市热环境定量评价技术研究进展及发展趋势

Research progress and development trend of quantitative assessment techniques for urban thermal environment

自"城市热岛"概念提出以来,城市热环境定量评价一直是城市气候与环境研究领域的重要内容.随着空间信息技术与计算机模拟技术的不断发展,城市热环境定量评价的技术手段和方法也取得了长足进步.从最初单一利用气象站历史数据对城市宏观尺度热环境进行数理统计分析,逐步发展到综合利用地面气象观测、热红外遥感、数值模式模拟等多种技术对不同尺度热环境进行动态模拟与预测.本文系统回顾了地面气象观测、热红外遥感、数值模式模拟3类城市热环境定量评价技术的发展历程,并总结了各类技术的优缺点、适用性及发展趋势,以期为今后的城市热环境评价与优化研究提供参考.

Quantitative assessment of urban thermal environment has become a focus for urban climate and environmental science since the concept of urban heat island has been proposed. With the continual development of space information and computer simulation technology,substantial progresses have been made on quantitative assessment techniques and methods of urban thermal environment. The quantitative assessment techniques have been developed to dynamics simulation and forecast of thermal environment at various scales based on statistical analysis of thermal environment on urban-scale using the historical data of weather stations. This study reviewed the development progress of ground meteorological observation,thermal infrared remote sensing and numerical simulation. Moreover,the potential advantages and disadvantages,applicability and the development trends of these techniques were also summarized,aiming to add fundamental knowledge of understanding the urban thermal environment assessment and optimization.