基于城市形态发生学的商丘归德府古城空间特征分析

Morphogenetic Analysis on Spatial Structure of the Guidefu City

采用城市形态发生学研究方法,在实地调研的基础上,利用历史文献、考古调查,结合古地图、航片、遥感影像等资料,对河南商丘归德府古城的城市形态进行了复原与分析。研究结果显示,归德府古城呈圆形的外边缘带,与呈方形的内边缘带,分别修筑于不同时期,具有不同的功能,"外圆内方"的空间形态实际上是城市变化的结果,反映了文化与自然环境两方面的作用。归德府城市形态各组成部分的变化并不一致,其中外郭城的变化最大,内城的变化相对较小,内城的街道、街区格局基本与清代的格局一致。内城的城墙-城门-护城河、棋盘格式街道格局、标志性建筑物(如文庙、府学等),以及少量的呈点片状分布的古建筑和民居,构成了归德府城市形态主体,在中原地区具有典型性和唯一性,值得特别关注和保护。

Based on the investigation on the spot, using historical records, archaeological investigation, ancient maps, aerial photographs and remote sensing images, this article has reconstructed and analyzed the urban morphology of ancient prefecture city, Guidefu（Shangqiu） in Henan, from the angle of urban historical geography.The research shows that the Guide City has a circular outer edge and a square inner edge, built in different periods and had different functions, which means that the special form of Guide City＂round outside but square inside＂in fact is the result of comprehensive effect of the natural environment and social environment, and the reflection of time changes, while it is not a simple product of＂Feng-shui＂thought. The changes of parts of the urban morphology of Guide City do not consistent with each other, the outer part of the city changed a lot while the inner city changed less, and the streets and blocks in the city are nearly the same as it was in Qing Dynasty. The urban morphology and scale of Guide City represent the general characteristics of prefecture cities in Central China of Ming and Qing Dynasties, reflecting the characteristics of local culture and geographical environment of Central China, typical and unique. The walls-gates-moat, the chessboard street pattern, landmark building, such as Confucius＇ temple, and ancient residence distributed in dots and patches, constitute the main morphology of the ancient Guide City, and deserve special concern and protection. In the process of using Guide City to develop local cultural industry, urban planners should have a profound understanding of urban morphological characteristics, cultural landscape and the changing process of ancient city, in order to realize the combination of protection, development, and utilization in urban planning.